Blog: How Malicious Tor Relays are Exploiting Users in 2020 (Part I)
Hi, here is my motivation for working on automated verification of operatorurls in ContactInfo: https://medium.com/@nusenu/how-malicious-tor-relays-are-exploiting-users-in-... -- https://mastodon.social/@nusenu
https://medium.com/@nusenu/how-malicious-tor-relays-are-exploiting-users-in-...
So in other words when the destination website does not really care about their users safety and the user sends unencrypted exit traffic through Tor then an exit relay operator could do the same like your internet provider (spying/changing your traffic). Properly setting MyFamily does not help in this case. That's nothing new. The only news is that it is getting exploited big scale now.
WTF? Yes, this is nothing new and your ISP could do the same thing if it would be in stealing your money and doing crimes. Besides the fact that ISP are not run by organised crime as far as I know: This is Tor. I didn't know that our new Mission Statement is: Tough shit happens and lets watch how malicious relays rob users… This shit has to stop. Why are the relays in question still online?
On Thu, Aug 13, 2020 at 03:34:55PM +0200, niftybunny wrote:
This shit has to stop. Why are the relays in question still online?
Hm? The relays are not online -- we kicked them in mid June. We don't know of any relays right now that are attacking users. Or said another way, if anybody knows of relays that are doing any attacks on Tor users, ssl stripping or otherwise, please report them. I believe that we are up to date and have responded to all reports. That said, there is definitely the uncertainty of "I wonder if those OVH relays are attacking users -- they are run by people I don't know, though there is no evidence that they are." We learned from this case that making people list and answer an email address didn't slow them down. I still think that long term the answer is that we need to shift the Tor network toward a group of relay operators that know each other -- transparency, community, relationships, all of those things that are costly to do but also costly to attack: https://gitlab.torproject.org/tpo/metrics/relay-search/-/issues/40001 https://lists.torproject.org/pipermail/tor-relays/2020-July/018656.html https://lists.torproject.org/pipermail/tor-relays/2020-July/018669.html But the short term answer is that nobody to my knowledge has shown us any current relays that are doing attacks. Hope that helps, --Roger
https://medium.com/@nusenu/how-malicious-tor-relays-are-exploiting-users-in-... <https://medium.com/@nusenu/how-malicious-tor-relays-are-exploiting-users-in-2020-part-i-1097575c0cac> There are multiple indicators that suggest that the attacker still runs >10% of the Tor network exit capacity (as of 2020–08–08) And on this one: I trust nusenu who told me we still have massiv malicious relays.
Is there anything Tor can do inside the Tor browser itself? I would understand and support something as drastic as disabling non-HTTPS, non-Onion connections altogether. When the user types a URL with no protocol prefix, the browser will assume HTTPS. This may break some websites, so a transition may be required. Such a transition can start with a warning banner, proceed to a warning page, then to a browser setting to enable it, and finally to disabling the capability for good. The above assumes there is much less benefit in running a rogue Tor exit if the operator cannot see or alter the content it is relaying. On Fri, Aug 14, 2020 at 1:25 PM niftybunny < abuse-contact@to-surf-and-protect.net> wrote:
Igor Mitrofanov:
I think that assumption is not unreasonable. Yes, we are actively thinking about trying an HTTPS-only mode out as part of a defense against similar attacks. See the blog post[1] about it which we just published, which should give more context for the incident as well. Georg [1] https://blog.torproject.org/bad-exit-relays-may-june-2020
I knew about this issue years ago, but there's not much I can do to mitigate it except for spinning up more, legit Tor exit instances to try and limit the probability of an attack happening to a user. We need way more legitimate relays, and not just on OVH, Hetzner and Online's up streams which are likely already wiretapped due to being the biggest entities hosting the majority of relays. Possibly start some campaign to get people to run Tor relays as long as they match some criteria (not on dynamic lines, not on hosters that are already crowded with relays, etc.). I was trying to get my tech-savvy friends to run Tor relays, but most of them are not interested - the problem with abuse that exit operators frequently encounter scares most of them off and they just lose interest in running any kind of relay completely -. sadly, the public image of Tor is just that bad - blame the media networks for that.. I don't think monetary incentives would be feasible, but there has to be something that we can do to get people to smarten up and run more relays on unpopular hosters. In the future I'd like to see at least 50000 relays of all types, and out of those, at least 15000 exit relays spread out on many different up streams / data-centers, ran by legitimate businesses or private entities, to minimize chances of timing correlation and similar attacks. Stuff like sslstrip should be addressed in the client code for the Tor Browser, and it should be really easy to implement. 2020-08-14 20:48 GMT, Georg Koppen <gk@torproject.org>:
niftybunny:
as some of you have probably seen already now a fraction of them got confirmed to run the same attack tools: https://twitter.com/notdan/status/1295813432843829251 Unfortunately this is not the end of it. Some of them where directly linked in the blog post above. What I'm still wondering about is: What made Tor directory authorities change their policies and stop removing undeclared relay groups? +---------------------+----------+------------------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | first_seen | nickname | contact | as_name | fingerprint | +---------------------+----------+------------------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------+ | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay23 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 01C05513D12F63AE9E72588E8EAB459028C44689 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay05 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 01DAC406BD545B6EB41D3E12476E70EAE4872407 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay02 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 078A661362B4959F64F8E01DF4646101542E1AD2 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay17 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 11F76D073C30EE2C8849602B90950659E79EB0B0 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay21 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 17B63505746D57A2C3F240C63EA0DDE7B7EB73C8 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay09 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 1970C3CE0F945DA0D16DF5191DC8B0483A421A75 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay30 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 3D20E55FFEB48BB224A510A3740C3FE56036404B | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay24 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 40D792754B7B891672288E3705B98C612B002531 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay27 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 4A14A18B4813930E04F49011D56CDA86D0D33E59 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay32 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 4FF250A3701CD24523D1B0A9C1FA760FFE9BF5E6 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay13 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 5C34E92C2F19FA99DB9A680D75C0382E2C91DDE9 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay25 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 5F1381FA3963CAAF712235CA34D6B15FDDF14966 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay22 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 7A6014B07509E75172FCF036CC4E9870260470FF | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay07 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 8C28E2857B25C9A92309699416D74AE7AA1A2CCC | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay28 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 8DFCD8E4F626AC933A93AC66847F7C5915824171 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay06 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 97F3FDE85A765E009F8F94F03970234C05F82F3B | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay29 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 9D63D167286F731895A2DE06C8BF6D2F549033AD | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay08 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | A9EE8826DF8A4E7BDE76CA9740970415516A307E | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay03 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | AC7FFC636CD734A0FDC22BF811841AE89743FC4F | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay31 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | BEFBEB3E477C77DAA8FB8FA03B6C6ABE71097786 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay11 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | C00CBEE82D153439F4D1D3CDF8406646BCA2DB7E | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay26 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | C13BF3056344BDD6F486E1A96C89B76671A17C33 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay10 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | CB78B3066AFFCC9C0DDC9CBBA5642BE162D2CEB9 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay01 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | D7188148CF8CBACDF884C5E6615E82AA46DDB320 | | 2020-06-20 01:00:00 | relay14 | kleinendorstwiebe AT gmail DOT com | Liteserver Holding B.V. | 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+---------------------+----------+------------------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------+ -- https://mastodon.social/@nusenu
nusenu:
Yeah, it never ends. It's an ongoing issue.
Some of them where directly linked in the blog post above.
FWIW: We started the process of kicking all of the relays below out this morning because we found actual misbehavior.
What I'm still wondering about is: What made Tor directory authorities change their policies and stop removing undeclared relay groups?
I don't think this is the right list to ask directory authorities about that. And I don't think there is a policy for that either. Georg
Until rules are in place that reduce the risk from this reoccurring on this scale and at this rate.
I was meant to shared my thoughts on this (more than actually expecting an answer even though there are actual dir auths on this list). -- https://mastodon.social/@nusenu
Until rules are in place that reduce the risk from this reoccurring on this scale and at this rate.
It was meant to share my thoughts on this (more than actually expecting an answer even though there are actual dir auths on this list). -- https://mastodon.social/@nusenu
https://nusenu.github.io/OrNetRadar/2020/08/22/a3 2020-08-22 | Up | Ext | JoinTime | IP | CC | ORp | Dirp | Version | Contact | Nickname | eFamMembers | FP | |------+-------+------------+---------------+------+-------+--------+-----------+-----------+------------+---------------+------------------------------------------| | 1 | 1 | 12:31:38 | 150.129.8.107 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 1FBDF7B76594A7A702DD165FE3AA0FF9F31E2715 | | 1 | 1 | 12:32:52 | 150.129.8.106 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 4839FCED8D9ADC24EAC27875C9DCD77A5C1756AB | | 1 | 1 | 12:33:21 | 150.129.8.105 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | D87D6CB4DEB3862D6E19720F82C03478E72F4CD9 | | 1 | 1 | 12:33:49 | 150.129.8.104 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 9E56C4C7B820411600309A2208BAADE18E20AA05 | | 1 | 1 | 12:34:19 | 150.129.8.103 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | A7CEB94E00C6F2BD3F2F01B98D08C889B2A208CA | | 1 | 1 | 12:34:46 | 150.129.8.102 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 495E1C78FF508FF890B2E713DE214C03A6FDC82B | | 1 | 1 | 12:35:14 | 150.129.8.101 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 4F6504E761747E7C97BB33476510155CB9080556 | | 1 | 1 | 12:35:38 | 150.129.8.100 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 35EC704207E910A588D228E1F4359F4E0A8E27B2 | | 1 | 1 | 12:36:14 | 150.129.8.99 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 50232D518707213975BF54E0765B48B75D2EA9C5 | | 1 | 1 | 12:36:39 | 150.129.8.98 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 88FA32AA4017EF76149D98620194769FDA034204 | | 1 | 1 | 12:37:06 | 150.129.8.97 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | D2396C4220E3084F321E63110869C3F50D14F80C | | 1 | 1 | 12:37:33 | 150.129.8.96 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 927903D647C82EB597F5DF5A765D1267ACF62B47 | | 1 | 1 | 12:37:59 | 150.129.8.95 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 05F397E91B3F57DD825F7F587740117764889D05 | | 1 | 1 | 12:38:24 | 150.129.8.94 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | E02B0740D75858B34ED26C91A7870528D73CEAD1 | | 1 | 1 | 12:38:47 | 150.129.8.93 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 2C52CF3F1434E0766F57527349F298F289E6927B | | 1 | 1 | 12:39:11 | 150.129.8.92 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 6B5C54A595D55A8CAC0F40AFBC458F8E819233E1 | | 1 | 1 | 12:39:33 | 150.129.8.91 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 324F8A1AAD871AE9369B38F73C59330B461E66CA | | 1 | 1 | 12:39:55 | 150.129.8.90 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 0CB1BDD5661ACF3CBA223745A06392901E821DFC | | 1 | 1 | 12:40:18 | 150.129.8.89 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 07C60B62231B247D39FF3798C86D98A84967928C | | 1 | 1 | 12:40:40 | 150.129.8.88 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | B80867D9A92BDF9C51855EF0BA356CC6360148C5 | | 1 | 1 | 12:44:58 | 150.129.8.87 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | AF5169DD8D6DD8C0D30ECA83A2078795B41DFD1A | | 1 | 1 | 12:45:37 | 150.129.8.86 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 2406BD94F455B873694E314769180ACE9C36BB76 | | 1 | 1 | 12:46:01 | 150.129.8.85 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | FCCC526B10AF1C68DBD8C7DAD73C96E5B74A4261 | | 1 | 1 | 12:46:24 | 150.129.8.84 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | E9374AEB2099F5A5A4E2E5D47A9FB53BCDA16E61 | | 1 | 1 | 12:46:48 | 150.129.8.83 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 2E054C82D0E7EDA39246ED9EBD491904480BC7D7 | | 1 | 1 | 12:47:19 | 150.129.8.82 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 88AE4EEAB67903CECC411A6F5898156AD6A46D67 | | 1 | 1 | 12:47:50 | 150.129.8.81 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 4034D164D11E382664592C989F6A46066B6E1EA0 | | 1 | 1 | 12:48:12 | 150.129.8.80 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 235CB71937C96D319DCBA7AE8A5C3285DE734903 | | 1 | 1 | 12:48:34 | 150.129.8.79 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 357F17915E08447A456308AE500FC98983C93E00 | | 1 | 1 | 12:48:59 | 150.129.8.78 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 44F79022B1793CB5E1C465B5946551B6BC5AB464 | | 1 | 1 | 12:49:35 | 150.129.8.77 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 67FA66A0FC22FFCFE493EA9940DB959E0D39B23A | | 1 | 1 | 12:50:01 | 150.129.8.76 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | FED4AB885DAEAE5C12F5EEAAC395A7FADDBDB395 | | 1 | 1 | 12:50:37 | 150.129.8.75 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | BBF29ACCF0222A80F5ACE01EA549A4EFAAFD0FB2 | | 1 | 1 | 12:51:00 | 150.129.8.74 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | E2CB48135C30004C9513C953F191CE263BF98592 | | 1 | 1 | 12:51:26 | 150.129.8.73 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 9078C65FDAB8E46AEB8A8D18F7AAC7FA15EFE251 | | 1 | 1 | 12:51:50 | 150.129.8.72 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | CD122485813887001123385DADD581344F8D51D9 | | 1 | 1 | 12:52:13 | 150.129.8.71 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | A37499437837444F6B0B10CC65162B1D27C6146D | | 1 | 1 | 12:52:53 | 150.129.8.70 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 1C7EBCF1BCF172C350136A0BEAB5D7C0EABD4FA3 | | 1 | 1 | 12:53:15 | 150.129.8.69 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 58A1611E26354ACF586F68C5F0042E3A34D6B058 | | 1 | 1 | 12:53:45 | 150.129.8.68 | nl | 9001 | 9030 | 0.4.3.6 | None | Unnamed | 1 | 8C5166981BFEEE91323EAFDBCEFEF24D31062C88 | -- https://mastodon.social/@nusenu
On August 14, 2020 5:12:35 PM UTC, Roger Dingledine <arma@torproject.org> wrote:
Roger had Tor Project taken some countermeasures against this type of attack? For example quoting from nusenu's article:
As an immediate countermeasure against this ongoing issue the Tor Project could require physical address verification for all new (joined in 2020) Tor relay operators that run more than 0.5% of the Tor network’s exit or guard capacity. Why 0.5%? It is a balance between the risk of malicious Tor relay capacity and the required effort for verification. Using 0.5% as a threshold is a realistically low number of operators to verify. As of 2020–08–08 there are just five exit and one guard operator that match these criteria (new and big). Some of them have similarities to previously detected malicious groups. Others are somewhat known with a good reputation already. So the amount for this initial verification is limited to sending 6 letters to a provided physical address (more likely actually 3 since some might not request the physical address verification).
This may be true, but I think you underestimate how few sites are on the HSTS preload list or are enforced by SSL Everywhere. Ultimately, unless the first site you load in a browsing session is HTTPS or unless you end up at an HSTS preload-enforced site, sslstrip can just keep taking the "s" part out of the link you're about to click. And, as we've seen here, even sites that redirect HTTP to HTTPS and various other best practices can fall victim. To the average user, there is little feedback that the site they're on is properly secured using HSTS preload, and many sites forget to enroll themselves in the preload list. For reference, the first two "probably kinda try to be secure for their users" sites I tried were not on the list: wellsfargo.com and bankofamerica.com. Matt On 8/13/20 5:19 AM, [REDACTED] wrote:
participants (9)
-
[REDACTED] -
disrupt_the_flow -
Georg Koppen -
Igor Mitrofanov -
Matt Corallo -
niftybunny -
nusenu -
Roger Dingledine -
William Kane