commit da9d48da01d44993cd25952ca7c0cc91a53962d8 Author: Nick Mathewson nickm@torproject.org Date: Thu Feb 20 13:50:02 2014 +0000
Revise 220 to use a unified certificate format --- proposals/220-ecc-id-keys.txt | 293 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 209 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)
diff --git a/proposals/220-ecc-id-keys.txt b/proposals/220-ecc-id-keys.txt index b14fea7..153e0c9 100644 --- a/proposals/220-ecc-id-keys.txt +++ b/proposals/220-ecc-id-keys.txt @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Filename: 220-ecc-id-keys.txt Title: Migrate server identity keys to Ed25519 Authors: Nick Mathewson Created: 12 August 2013 -Target: 0.2.5.x +Target: 0.2.x.x Status: Draft
[Note: This is a draft proposal; I've probably made some important @@ -74,25 +74,62 @@ Status: Draft numbers. So we'll choose a compact representation.
VERSION [1 Byte] - TYPE [1 Byte] + CERT_TYPE [1 Byte] + EXPIRATION_DATE [3 Bytes] + CERT_KEY_TYPE [1 byte] CERTIFIED_KEY [32 Bytes] - EXPIRATION_DATE [4 Bytes] - EXTRA_STUFF [variable length] + EXTENSIONS [variable length, up to length of certificate + minus 64 bytes.] SIGNATURE [64 Bytes]
- The "VERSION" field holds the value [01]. The "TYPE" field holds the - value [01]. The CERTIFIED_KEY field is an Ed25519 public key. The - expiration date is a day, given in DAYS since the epoch, after which - this certificate isn't valid. The EXTRA_STUFF field is left for a - future version of this format. + The "VERSION" field holds the value [01]. The "CERT_TYPE" field + holds a value depending on the type of certificate. (See appendix + A.1.) The CERTIFIED_KEY field is an Ed25519 public key if + CERT_KEY_TYPE is [01], or a SHA256 hash of some other key type + depending on the value of CERT_KEY_TYPE. The EXPIRATION_DATE is a + date, given in HOURS since the epoch, after which this + certificate isn't valid. (A three-byte field here will work fine + until 5797 A.D.)
- [XXXX Is "EXTRA_STUFF" a good idea? -NM] + The EXTENSIONS field contains zero or more extensions, each of + the format:
- Before processing any certificate, parties MUST know which identity - key it is supposed to be signed by, and then check the signature. - The signature is formed by signing the first N-64 bytes of the - certificate prefixed with the string "Tor node signing key - certificate v1". + ExtLength [1 or 2 bytes] + ExtType [1 or 2 bytes] + ExtData [Length bytes] + + The ExtLength and ExtType fields can represent values between 0 + and 2^15-1, representing values under 128 as "0xxxxxxx" and + values over 128 as "1xxxxxxx yyyyyyyy". The meaning of the + ExtData field in an extension is type-dependent. + + It is an error for an extension to be truncated; such a + certificate is invalid. + + Before processing any certificate, parties MUST know which + identity key it is supposed to be signed by, and then check the + signature. The signature is formed by signing the first N-64 + bytes of the certificate prefixed with the string "Tor node + signing key certificate v1". + +2.2. Basic extensions + +2.2.1. Signed-with-ed25519-key extension [type 04] + + In several places, it's desirable to bundle the key signing a + certificate along with the certificate. We do so with this + extension. + + ExtLength = 32 + ExtData = + An ed25519 key [32 bytes] + + When this extension is present, it MUST match the key used to + sign the certificate. + + This + +2.3. Revoking keys.
We also specify a revocation document for revoking a signing key or an identity key. Its format is: @@ -102,21 +139,22 @@ Status: Draft IDENTITY_KEY [32 Bytes] REVOKED_KEY [32 Bytes] PUBLISHED [8 Bytes] - EXTRA_STUFF [variable length] + REV_EXTENSIONS [variable length, up to length of revocation + document minus 64 bytes] SIGNATURE [64 Bytes]
FIXED_PREFIX is "REVOKEID" or "REVOKESK". VERSION is [01]. KEYTYPE is [01] for revoking a signing key or [02] for revoking an identity key. REVOKED_KEY is the key being revoked; IDENTITY_KEY is the node's Ed25519 identity key. PUBLISHED is the time that the document was - generated, in seconds since the epoch. EXTRA_STUFF is left for a + generated, in seconds since the epoch. REV_EXTENSIONS is left for a future version of this document. The SIGNATURE is generated with the same key as in IDENTITY_KEY, and covers the entire revocation, prefixed with "Tor key revocation v1".
- Using these revocation documents is unspecified. + Using these revocation documents is left for a later specification.
-2.2. Managing keys +2.4. Managing keys
By default, we can keep the easy-to-setup key management properties that Tor has now, so that node operators aren't required to have @@ -138,20 +176,23 @@ Status: Draft * If a Tor node's signing key is going to expire soon, it starts warning the user. If it is expired, then the node shuts down.
-2.3. Router descriptors +2.5. Router descriptors
We specify the following element that may appear at most once in each router descriptor: - "identity-ed25519" SP identity-key SP certification NL + "identity-ed25519" SP certificate NL
- The identity-key and certification are base64 encoded with + The identity-key and certificate are base64-encoded with terminating =s removed. When this element is present, it MUST appear as the first or second element in the router descriptor. - [XXX The rationale here is to allow extracting the identity key and signing key and checking the signature before fully parsing the rest of the document. -NM]
+ The certificate has CERT_TYPE of [04]. It must include a + signed-with-ed25519-key extension (see section 2.2.1), so that we + can extract the identity key. + When an identity-ed25519 element is present, there must also be a "router-signature-ed25519" element. It MUST be the next-to-last element in the descriptor, appearing immediately before the RSA @@ -164,11 +205,9 @@ Status: Draft
Where 'signature' is encoded in base64 with terminating =s removed.
- The identity-key in the identity-ed25519 key MUST be the one used to - sign the certification, and the signing key in the certification MUST + The signing key in the certificate MUST be the one used to sign the document.
- Note that these keys cross-certify as follows: the ed25519 identity key signs the ed25519 signing key in the certificate. The ed25519 signing key signs itself and the ed25519 identity key and the RSA @@ -176,7 +215,7 @@ Status: Draft key also signs all three keys as part of signing the descriptor.
-2.3.1. Checking descriptor signatures. +2.5.1. Checking descriptor signatures.
Current versions of Tor will handle these new formats by ignoring the new fields, and not checking any ed25519 information. @@ -197,7 +236,7 @@ Status: Draft option, to be set to "always-on" in the future once enough clients support it.
-2.3.2. Extra-info documents +2.5.2. Extra-info documents
Extrainfo documents now include "identity-ed25519" and "router-signature-ed25519" fields in the same positions in which they @@ -208,7 +247,7 @@ Status: Draft the router descriptor. (All versions of Tor that recognize this line allow an extra field there.)
-2.3.3. A note on signature verification +2.5.3. A note on signature verification
Here and elsewhere, we're receiving a certificate and a document signed with the key certified by that certificate in the same step. @@ -254,18 +293,18 @@ Status: Draft
3.2. Formats
- Vote and consensus documents now contain an optional "id" field for each - routerstatus section. Its format is: + Vote and microdescriptor documents now contain an optional "id" + field for each routerstatus section. Its format is:
- "id" SP ed25519-identity NL + "id" SP "ed25519" SP ed25519-identity NL
where ed25519-identity is base64-encoded, with trailing = characters omitted. In vote documents, it may be replaced by the format:
- "id" SP "none" NL + "id" SP "ed25519" SP "none" NL
which indicates that the node does not have an ed25519 identity. (In - the consensus, a lack of "id" line means that the node has no ed25519 + a microdescriptor, a lack of "id" line means that the node has no ed25519 identity.)
[XXXX Should the id entries in consensuses go into microdescriptors @@ -337,46 +376,74 @@ Status: Draft
4. The link protocol
- [XXX This section won't make much sense unless you grok the v3 - connection protocol as described in tor-spec.txt, first proposed in - proposal 195.] +4.1. Overview of the status quo + + This section won't make much sense unless you grok the v3 + link protocol as described in tor-spec.txt, first proposed in + proposal 195. So let's review. + + In the v3 link protocol, the client completes a TLS handshake + with the server, in which the server uses an arbitrary + certificate signed with an RSA key. The client then sends a + VERSIONS cell. The server replies with a VERSIONS cell to + negotiate version 3 or higher. The server also sends a CERTS + cell and an AUTH_CHALLENGE cell and a NETINFO cell. + + The CERTS cell from the server contains a set of one or more + certificates that authenticate the RSA key used in the TLS + handshake. (Right now there's one self-signed RSA identity key + certificate, and one certificate signing the RSA link key with + the identity key. These certificates are X509.) + + Having received a CERTS cell, the client has enough information + to authenticate the server. At this point, the client may send a + NETINFO cell to finish the handshake. But if the client wants to + authenticate as well, it can send a CERTS cell and an AUTENTICATE + cell. + + The client's CERTS cell also contains certs of the same general + kinds as the server's key file: a self-signed identity + certificate, and an authentication certificate signed with the + identity key. The AUTHENTICATE cell contains a signature of + various fields, including the contents of the AUTH_CHALLENGE + which the server sent cell, using the client's authentication + key. These cells allow the client to authenticate to the server. + + +4.2. Link protocol changes for ECC ID keys
We add four new CertType values for use in CERTS cells: 4: Ed25519 signing key 5: Link key certificate certified by Ed25519 signing key - 6: TLS authentication key certified by Ed25519 signing key - 7: RSA cross-certification for Ed25519 identity key - - The content of certificate type 4 is: - Ed25519 identity key [32 bytes] - Signing key certificate as in 2.1 above [variable length] - - The content of certificate type 5 is: - CERT_DIGEST [32 bytes] - EXPIRATION_DATE [4 bytes] - EXTRA_STUFF [variable] - SIGNATURE [64 bytes] - where CERT_DIGEST is a SHA256 digest of the X.509 certificate used - for the TLS link, EXPIRATION_DATE is a date in *days* since the epoch - starting on which the certificate is invalid, and SIGNATURE is - a signature using the signing key of the above two fields, prefixed - with "Tor TLS link certificate check v1". - - The content of certificate type 6 is the same as the signing key in - 2.1 above, except that the TYPE field is 02 and the fixed string used - in signing is "". The Ed25519 key - certified by this key can be used in AUTHENTICATE cells. - - The content of certificate type 7 is: + 6: Ed25519 TLS authentication key certified by Ed25519 signing key + 7: RSA cross-certificate for Ed25519 identity key + These correspond to types used in the CERT_TYPE field of + the certificates. + + The content of certificate type [04] (Ed25519 signing key) + is as in section 2.5 above, containing an identity key and the + signing key, both signed by the identity key. + + Certificate type [05] (Link certificate signed with Ed25519 + signing key) contains a SHA256 digest of the X.509 link + certificate used on the TLS connection in its key field; it is + signed with the signing key. + + Certificate type [06] (Ed25519 TLS authentication signed with + Ed25519 signing key) has the signing key used to sign the + AUTHENTICATE cell described later in this section. + + Certificate type [07] (Cross-certification of Ed25519 identity + with RSA key) contains the following data: ED25519_KEY [32 bytes] EXPIRATION_DATE [4 bytes] SIGNATURE [128 bytes] - Here, the Ed25519 identity key is signed with router's identity key, - to indicate that authenticating with a key certified by the Ed25519 - key counts as certifying with RSA identity key. (The signature is - computed on the SHA256 hash of the non-signature parts of the - certificate, prefixed with the string "Tor TLS RSA/Ed25519 - cross-certification".) + Here, the Ed25519 identity key is signed with router's RSA + identity key, to indicate that authenticating with a key + certified by the Ed25519 key counts as certifying with RSA + identity key. (The signature is computed on the SHA256 hash of + the non-signature parts of the certificate, prefixed with the + string "Tor TLS RSA/Ed25519 cross-certificate".)
(There's no reason to have a corresponding Ed25519-signed-RSA-key certificate here, since we do not treat authenticating with an RSA @@ -395,13 +462,16 @@ Status: Draft "RSA-SHA256-TLSSecret", except that the CID and SID fields support more key types; some strings are different, and the signature is performed with Ed25519 using the authentication key from a type-6 - cert. + cert. Clients can send this AUTHENTICATE type if the server + lists it in its AUTH_CHALLENGE cell.
- TYPE: The characters "AUTH0002" [8 octets] + Modified values and new fields below are marked with asterisks. + + TYPE: The characters "AUTH0002"* [8 octets] CID: A SHA256 hash of the initiator's RSA1024 identity key [32 octets] SID: A SHA256 hash of the responder's RSA1024 identity key [32 octets] - CID_ED: The initiator's Ed25519 identity key [32 octets] - SID_ED: The responder's Ed25519 identity key, or all-zero. [32 octets] + *CID_ED: The initiator's Ed25519 identity key [32 octets] + *SID_ED: The responder's Ed25519 identity key, or all-zero. [32 octets] SLOG: A SHA256 hash of all bytes sent from the responder to the initiator as part of the negotiation up to and including the AUTH_CHALLENGE cell; that is, the VERSIONS cell, the CERTS cell, @@ -417,15 +487,13 @@ Status: Draft - client_random, as sent in the TLS Client Hello - server_random, as sent in the TLS Server Hello - the NUL terminated ASCII string: - "Tor V3 handshake TLS cross-certification with Ed25519" + "Tor V3 handshake TLS cross-certification with Ed25519"* [32 octets] - TIME: The time of day in seconds since the POSIX epoch. [8 octets] - RAND: A 16 byte value, randomly chosen by the initiator. [16 octets] - SIG: A signature of all previous fields using the initiator's + RAND: A 24 byte value, randomly chosen by the initiator. [24 octets] + *SIG: A signature of all previous fields using the initiator's Ed25519 authentication flags. [variable length]
- If you've got a consensus that lists an ECC key for a node, but the node doesn't give you an ECC key, then refuse this connection.
@@ -499,16 +567,17 @@ Status: Draft "Rule 1" on the authorities. (Don't allow an Ed25519<->RSA pairing to change.)
- Once 0.2.5.x is in beta or rc, turn on the consensus option for - everyone who receives descriptors with Ed25519 identity keys to check - them. + Once the release with these changes is in beta or rc, turn on the + consensus option for everyone who receives descriptors with + Ed25519 identity keys to check them.
- Once 0.2.5.x is in beta or rc, turn on the consensus option for - clients to generate EXTEND2 requests with Ed25519 identity keys. + Once the release with these changes is in beta or rc, turn on the + consensus option for clients to generate EXTEND2 requests with + Ed25519 identity keys.
- Once 0.2.5.x has been stable for a month or two, turn on "Rule 2" on - authorities. (Don't allow nodes that have advertised an Ed25519 key - to stop.) + Once the release with these changes has been stable for a month + or two, turn on "Rule 2" on authorities. (Don't allow nodes that + have advertised an Ed25519 key to stop.)
9. Future proposals
@@ -519,3 +588,59 @@ Status: Draft * Bridge identity support. * Ed25519-aware family support
+A.1. List of certificate types + + The values marked with asterisks are not types corresponding to + the certificate format of section 2.1. Instead, they are + reserved for RSA-signed certificates to avoid conflicts between + the certificate type enumeration of the CERTS cell and the + certificate type enumeration of in our Ed25519 certificates. + + + **[00],[01],[02],[03] - Reserved to avoid conflict with types used + in CERTS cells. + + [04] - signing a signing key with an identity key (Section 2.5) + + [05] - TLS link certificate signed with ed25519 signing key + (Section 4.2) + + [06] - Ed25519 authentication key signed with ed25519 signing key + (Section 4.2) + + **[07] - reserved for RSA identity cross-certification (Section 4.2) + + +A.2. List of extension types + + + [01] - signed-with-ed25519-key (section 2.2.1) + +A.3. List of signature prefixes + + We describe various documents as being signed with a prefix. Here + are those prefixes: + + "Tor router descriptor signature v1" (section 2.5) + "Tor node signing key certificate v1" (section 2.1) + +A.4. List of certified key types + + [01] ed25519 key + [02] SHA256 hash of an RSA key + [03] SHA256 hash of an X.509 certificate + +A.5. Reserved numbers + + We need a new consensus algorithm number to encompass checking + ed25519 keys and putting them in microdescriptors. + + + We need new CertType values for use in CERTS cells. We reserved + in section 4.2. + + 4: Ed25519 signing key + 5: Link key certificate certified by Ed25519 signing key + 6: TLS authentication key certified by Ed25519 signing key + 7: RSA cross-certificate for Ed25519 identity key +