Just in case anyone is wondering, what caused the "earthquake" in almost any of these graphs at the beginning of August 2015? (2015-08-02 18:00:00 / 2015-08-05 09:00:00)
It was caused by the bwauth outage that happened at that time, seen in graph [1].
The bwauth outage resulted in a shift of guard probability moving to the US (4%->12%).
[1] https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nusenu/tor-network-observations/master/png... (the gap in the red line)