commit b1ce3bb644ac855003c2758d969560c68ff5739d Author: Karsten Loesing <karsten.loesing@gmx.net> Date: Mon Aug 27 09:53:01 2012 +0200 Update metrics report to be a Tor Tech Report. --- 2009/metrics/llncs.cls | 1190 ------------------------------------------- 2009/metrics/metrics.bib | 8 +- 2009/metrics/metrics.tex | 56 ++- 2009/metrics/tortechrep.cls | 1 + 4 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 1216 deletions(-) diff --git a/2009/metrics/llncs.cls b/2009/metrics/llncs.cls deleted file mode 100755 index 23fd1c6..0000000 --- a/2009/metrics/llncs.cls +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1190 +0,0 @@ -% LLNCS DOCUMENT CLASS -- version 2.14 (17-Aug-2004) -% Springer Verlag LaTeX2e support for Lecture Notes in Computer Science -% -%% -%% \CharacterTable -%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z -%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z -%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9 -%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \# -%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \& -%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \) -%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \, -%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/ -%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \< -%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \? -%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\ -%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_ -%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \| -%% Right brace \} Tilde \~} -%% -\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] -\ProvidesClass{llncs}[2004/08/17 v2.14 -^^J LaTeX document class for Lecture Notes in Computer Science] -% Options -\let\if@envcntreset\iffalse -\DeclareOption{envcountreset}{\let\if@envcntreset\iftrue} -\DeclareOption{citeauthoryear}{\let\citeauthoryear=Y} -\DeclareOption{oribibl}{\let\oribibl=Y} -\let\if@custvec\iftrue -\DeclareOption{orivec}{\let\if@custvec\iffalse} -\let\if@envcntsame\iffalse -\DeclareOption{envcountsame}{\let\if@envcntsame\iftrue} -\let\if@envcntsect\iffalse -\DeclareOption{envcountsect}{\let\if@envcntsect\iftrue} -\let\if@runhead\iffalse -\DeclareOption{runningheads}{\let\if@runhead\iftrue} - -\let\if@openbib\iffalse -\DeclareOption{openbib}{\let\if@openbib\iftrue} - -% languages -\let\switcht@@therlang\relax -\def\ds@deutsch{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@deutsch}} -\def\ds@francais{\def\switcht@@therlang{\switcht@francais}} - -\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}} - -\ProcessOptions - -\LoadClass[twoside]{article} -\RequirePackage{multicol} % needed for the list of participants, index - -\setlength{\textwidth}{12.2cm} -\setlength{\textheight}{19.3cm} -\renewcommand\@pnumwidth{2em} -\renewcommand\@tocrmarg{3.5em} -% -\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{% - \ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else - \vskip \z@ \@plus.2\p@ - {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm - \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000 - \parindent #2\relax\@afterindenttrue - \interlinepenalty\@M - \leavevmode - \@tempdima #3\relax - \advance\leftskip \@tempdima \null\nobreak\hskip -\leftskip - {#4}\nobreak - \leaders\hbox{$\m@th - \mkern \@dotsep mu\hbox{.}\mkern \@dotsep - mu$}\hfill - \nobreak - \hb@xt@\@pnumwidth{\hfil\normalfont \normalcolor #5}% - \par}% - \fi} -% -\def\switcht@albion{% -\def\abstractname{Abstract.} -\def\ackname{Acknowledgement.} -\def\andname{and} -\def\lastandname{\unskip, and} -\def\appendixname{Appendix} -\def\chaptername{Chapter} -\def\claimname{Claim} -\def\conjecturename{Conjecture} -\def\contentsname{Table of Contents} -\def\corollaryname{Corollary} -\def\definitionname{Definition} -\def\examplename{Example} -\def\exercisename{Exercise} -\def\figurename{Fig.} -\def\keywordname{{\bf Key words:}} -\def\indexname{Index} -\def\lemmaname{Lemma} -\def\contriblistname{List of Contributors} -\def\listfigurename{List of Figures} -\def\listtablename{List of Tables} -\def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:} -\def\noteaddname{Note added in proof} -\def\notename{Note} -\def\partname{Part} -\def\problemname{Problem} -\def\proofname{Proof} -\def\propertyname{Property} -\def\propositionname{Proposition} -\def\questionname{Question} -\def\remarkname{Remark} -\def\seename{see} -\def\solutionname{Solution} -\def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:} -\def\tablename{Table} -\def\theoremname{Theorem}} -\switcht@albion -% Names of theorem like environments are already defined -% but must be translated if another language is chosen -% -% French section -\def\switcht@francais{%\typeout{On parle francais.}% - \def\abstractname{R\'esum\'e.}% - \def\ackname{Remerciements.}% - \def\andname{et}% - \def\lastandname{ et}% - \def\appendixname{Appendice} - \def\chaptername{Chapitre}% - \def\claimname{Pr\'etention}% - \def\conjecturename{Hypoth\`ese}% - \def\contentsname{Table des mati\`eres}% - \def\corollaryname{Corollaire}% - \def\definitionname{D\'efinition}% - \def\examplename{Exemple}% - \def\exercisename{Exercice}% - \def\figurename{Fig.}% - \def\keywordname{{\bf Mots-cl\'e:}} - \def\indexname{Index} - \def\lemmaname{Lemme}% - \def\contriblistname{Liste des contributeurs} - \def\listfigurename{Liste des figures}% - \def\listtablename{Liste des tables}% - \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:} - \def\noteaddname{Note ajout\'ee \`a l'\'epreuve}% - \def\notename{Remarque}% - \def\partname{Partie}% - \def\problemname{Probl\`eme}% - \def\proofname{Preuve}% - \def\propertyname{Caract\'eristique}% -%\def\propositionname{Proposition}% - \def\questionname{Question}% - \def\remarkname{Remarque}% - \def\seename{voir} - \def\solutionname{Solution}% - \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:} - \def\tablename{Tableau}% - \def\theoremname{Th\'eor\`eme}% -} -% -% German section -\def\switcht@deutsch{%\typeout{Man spricht deutsch.}% - \def\abstractname{Zusammenfassung.}% - \def\ackname{Danksagung.}% - \def\andname{und}% - \def\lastandname{ und}% - \def\appendixname{Anhang}% - \def\chaptername{Kapitel}% - \def\claimname{Behauptung}% - \def\conjecturename{Hypothese}% - \def\contentsname{Inhaltsverzeichnis}% - \def\corollaryname{Korollar}% -%\def\definitionname{Definition}% - \def\examplename{Beispiel}% - \def\exercisename{\"Ubung}% - \def\figurename{Abb.}% - \def\keywordname{{\bf Schl\"usselw\"orter:}} - \def\indexname{Index} -%\def\lemmaname{Lemma}% - \def\contriblistname{Mitarbeiter} - \def\listfigurename{Abbildungsverzeichnis}% - \def\listtablename{Tabellenverzeichnis}% - \def\mailname{{\it Correspondence to\/}:} - \def\noteaddname{Nachtrag}% - \def\notename{Anmerkung}% - \def\partname{Teil}% -%\def\problemname{Problem}% - \def\proofname{Beweis}% - \def\propertyname{Eigenschaft}% -%\def\propositionname{Proposition}% - \def\questionname{Frage}% - \def\remarkname{Anmerkung}% - \def\seename{siehe} - \def\solutionname{L\"osung}% - \def\subclassname{{\it Subject Classifications\/}:} - \def\tablename{Tabelle}% -%\def\theoremname{Theorem}% -} - -% Ragged bottom for the actual page -\def\thisbottomragged{\def\@textbottom{\vskip\z@ plus.0001fil -\global\let\@textbottom\relax}} - -\renewcommand\small{% - \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}% - \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@ - \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@ - \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@ - \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini - \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@ - \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ - \itemsep0\p@}% - \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip -} - -\frenchspacing -\widowpenalty=10000 -\clubpenalty=10000 - -\setlength\oddsidemargin {63\p@} -\setlength\evensidemargin {63\p@} -\setlength\marginparwidth {90\p@} - -\setlength\headsep {16\p@} - -\setlength\footnotesep{7.7\p@} -\setlength\textfloatsep{8mm\@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@} -\setlength\intextsep {8mm\@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@} - -\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2} - -\newcounter {chapter} -\renewcommand\thechapter {\@arabic\c@chapter} - -\newif\if@mainmatter \@mainmattertrue -\newcommand\frontmatter{\cleardoublepage - \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{Roman}} -\newcommand\mainmatter{\cleardoublepage - \@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}} -\newcommand\backmatter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi - \@mainmatterfalse} - -\renewcommand\part{\cleardoublepage - \thispagestyle{empty}% - \if@twocolumn - \onecolumn - \@tempswatrue - \else - \@tempswafalse - \fi - \null\vfil - \secdef\@part\@spart} - -\def\@part[#1]#2{% - \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax - \refstepcounter{part}% - \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}% - \else - \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}% - \fi - \markboth{}{}% - {\centering - \interlinepenalty \@M - \normalfont - \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >-2\relax - \huge\bfseries \partname~\thepart - \par - \vskip 20\p@ - \fi - \Huge \bfseries #2\par}% - \@endpart} -\def\@spart#1{% - {\centering - \interlinepenalty \@M - \normalfont - \Huge \bfseries #1\par}% - \@endpart} -\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage - \if@twoside - \null - \thispagestyle{empty}% - \newpage - \fi - \if@tempswa - \twocolumn - \fi} - -\newcommand\chapter{\clearpage - \thispagestyle{empty}% - \global\@topnum\z@ - \@afterindentfalse - \secdef\@chapter\@schapter} -\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne - \if@mainmatter - \refstepcounter{chapter}% - \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}% - \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}% - {\protect\numberline{\thechapter}#1}% - \else - \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}% - \fi - \else - \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}% - \fi - \chaptermark{#1}% - \addtocontents{lof}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% - \addtocontents{lot}{\protect\addvspace{10\p@}}% - \if@twocolumn - \@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]% - \else - \@makechapterhead{#2}% - \@afterheading - \fi} -\def\@makechapterhead#1{% -% \vspace*{50\p@}% - {\centering - \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne - \if@mainmatter - \large\bfseries \@chapapp{} \thechapter - \par\nobreak - \vskip 20\p@ - \fi - \fi - \interlinepenalty\@M - \Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak - \vskip 40\p@ - }} -\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn - \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]% - \else - \@makeschapterhead{#1}% - \@afterheading - \fi} -\def\@makeschapterhead#1{% -% \vspace*{50\p@}% - {\centering - \normalfont - \interlinepenalty\@M - \Large \bfseries #1\par\nobreak - \vskip 40\p@ - }} - -\renewcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}% - {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}% - {12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}% - {\normalfont\large\bfseries\boldmath - \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }} -\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}% - {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}% - {8\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}% - {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath - \rightskip=\z@ \@plus 8em\pretolerance=10000 }} -\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}% - {-18\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}% - {-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}% - {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries\boldmath}} -\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}% - {-12\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -4\p@}% - {-0.5em \@plus -0.22em \@minus -0.1em}% - {\normalfont\normalsize\itshape}} -\renewcommand\subparagraph[1]{\typeout{LLNCS warning: You should not use - \string\subparagraph\space with this class}\vskip0.5cm -You should not use \verb|\subparagraph| with this class.\vskip0.5cm} - -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Gamma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"00} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Delta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"01} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Theta}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"02} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Lambda}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"03} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Xi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"04} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Pi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"05} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Sigma}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"06} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Upsilon}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"07} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Phi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"08} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Psi}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"09} -\DeclareMathSymbol{\Omega}{\mathalpha}{letters}{"0A} - -\let\footnotesize\small - -\if@custvec -\def\vec#1{\mathchoice{\mbox{\boldmath$\displaystyle#1$}} -{\mbox{\boldmath$\textstyle#1$}} -{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptstyle#1$}} -{\mbox{\boldmath$\scriptscriptstyle#1$}}} -\fi - -\def\squareforqed{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}} -\def\qed{\ifmmode\squareforqed\else{\unskip\nobreak\hfil -\penalty50\hskip1em\null\nobreak\hfil\squareforqed -\parfillskip=0pt\finalhyphendemerits=0\endgraf}\fi} - -\def\getsto{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip -\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr\gets\cr\to\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets -\cr\to\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr\gets -\cr\to\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -\gets\cr\to\cr}}}}} -\def\lid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr -\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr<\cr -\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr -<\cr -\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}} -\def\gid{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr -\noalign{\vskip1.2pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr -\noalign{\vskip1pt}=\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr -\noalign{\vskip0.9pt}=\cr}}}}} -\def\grole{\mathrel{\mathchoice {\vcenter{\offinterlineskip -\halign{\hfil -$\displaystyle##$\hfil\cr>\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\textstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\noalign{\vskip-1pt}<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.8pt}<\cr}}} -{\vcenter{\offinterlineskip\halign{\hfil$\scriptscriptstyle##$\hfil\cr ->\cr\noalign{\vskip-0.3pt}<\cr}}}}} -\def\bbbr{{\rm I\!R}} %reelle Zahlen -\def\bbbm{{\rm I\!M}} -\def\bbbn{{\rm I\!N}} %natuerliche Zahlen -\def\bbbf{{\rm I\!F}} -\def\bbbh{{\rm I\!H}} -\def\bbbk{{\rm I\!K}} -\def\bbbp{{\rm I\!P}} -\def\bbbone{{\mathchoice {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-4mu l} -{\rm 1\mskip-4.5mu l} {\rm 1\mskip-5mu l}}} -\def\bbbc{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm C$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbq{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm -Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.8\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm Q$}\hbox{\raise -0.15\ht0\hbox to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.7\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbt{{\mathchoice {\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle\rm -T$}\hbox{\hbox to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm T$}\hbox{\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.3\wd0\vrule height0.9\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbs{{\mathchoice -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\displaystyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\textstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.5\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptstyle \rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.35\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.5\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}} -{\setbox0=\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\rm S$}\hbox{\raise0.5\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.4\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\raise0.05\ht0\hbox -to0pt{\kern0.55\wd0\vrule height0.45\ht0\hss}\box0}}}} -\def\bbbz{{\mathchoice {\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}} -{\hbox{$\mathsf\textstyle Z\kern-0.4em Z$}} -{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptstyle Z\kern-0.3em Z$}} -{\hbox{$\mathsf\scriptscriptstyle Z\kern-0.2em Z$}}}} - -\let\ts\, - -\setlength\leftmargini {17\p@} -\setlength\leftmargin {\leftmargini} -\setlength\leftmarginii {\leftmargini} -\setlength\leftmarginiii {\leftmargini} -\setlength\leftmarginiv {\leftmargini} -\setlength \labelsep {.5em} -\setlength \labelwidth{\leftmargini} -\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep} - -\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini - \parsep 0\p@ \@plus1\p@ \@minus\p@ - \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ - \itemsep0\p@} -\let\@listi\@listI -\@listi -\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii - \labelwidth\leftmarginii - \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep - \topsep 0\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@} -\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii - \labelwidth\leftmarginiii - \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep - \topsep 0\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@ - \parsep \z@ - \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@} - -\renewcommand\labelitemi{\normalfont\bfseries --} -\renewcommand\labelitemii{$\m@th\bullet$} - -\setlength\arraycolsep{1.4\p@} -\setlength\tabcolsep{1.4\p@} - -\def\tableofcontents{\chapter*{\contentsname\@mkboth{{\contentsname}}% - {{\contentsname}}} - \def\authcount##1{\setcounter{auco}{##1}\setcounter{@auth}{1}} - \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{auco}=2\relax - \unskip{} \andname\ - \else - \unskip \lastandname\ - \fi}% - \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax - \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{auco}% - \lastand - \else - \unskip, - \fi}% - \@starttoc{toc}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi} - -\def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}% - \addvspace{2em plus\p@}% % space above part line - \begingroup - \parindent \z@ - \rightskip \z@ plus 5em - \hrule\vskip5pt - \large % same size as for a contribution heading - \bfseries\boldmath % set line in boldface - \leavevmode % TeX command to enter horizontal mode. - #1\par - \vskip5pt - \hrule - \vskip1pt - \nobreak % Never break after part entry - \endgroup} - -\def\@dotsep{2} - -\def\hyperhrefextend{\ifx\hyper@anchor\@undefined\else -{chapter.\thechapter}\fi} - -\def\addnumcontentsmark#1#2#3{% -\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{\protect\numberline - {\thechapter}#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}} -\def\addcontentsmark#1#2#3{% -\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{\thepage}\hyperhrefextend}} -\def\addcontentsmarkwop#1#2#3{% -\addtocontents{#1}{\protect\contentsline{#2}{#3}{0}\hyperhrefextend}} - -\def\@adcmk[#1]{\ifcase #1 \or -\def\@gtempa{\addnumcontentsmark}% - \or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmark}% - \or \def\@gtempa{\addcontentsmarkwop}% - \fi\@gtempa{toc}{chapter}} -\def\addtocmark{\@ifnextchar[{\@adcmk}{\@adcmk[3]}} - -\def\l@chapter#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty} - \vskip 1.0em plus 1pt \@tempdima 1.5em \begingroup - \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg - \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm - \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000 - \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip - {\large\bfseries\boldmath#1}\ifx0#2\hfil\null - \else - \nobreak - \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern - \@dotsep mu$}\hfill - \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}% - \fi\par - \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup} - -\def\l@title#1#2{\addpenalty{-\@highpenalty} - \addvspace{8pt plus 1pt} - \@tempdima \z@ - \begingroup - \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg - \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm - \parfillskip -\rightskip \pretolerance=10000 - \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima \hskip -\leftskip - #1\nobreak - \leaders\hbox{$\m@th \mkern \@dotsep mu.\mkern - \@dotsep mu$}\hfill - \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par - \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup} - -\def\l@author#1#2{\addpenalty{\@highpenalty} - \@tempdima=15\p@ %\z@ - \begingroup - \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@tocrmarg - \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 2cm - \pretolerance=10000 - \leavevmode \advance\leftskip\@tempdima %\hskip -\leftskip - \textit{#1}\par - \penalty\@highpenalty \endgroup} - -\setcounter{tocdepth}{0} -\newdimen\tocchpnum -\newdimen\tocsecnum -\newdimen\tocsectotal -\newdimen\tocsubsecnum -\newdimen\tocsubsectotal -\newdimen\tocsubsubsecnum -\newdimen\tocsubsubsectotal -\newdimen\tocparanum -\newdimen\tocparatotal -\newdimen\tocsubparanum -\tocchpnum=\z@ % no chapter numbers -\tocsecnum=15\p@ % section 88. plus 2.222pt -\tocsubsecnum=23\p@ % subsection 88.8 plus 2.222pt -\tocsubsubsecnum=27\p@ % subsubsection 88.8.8 plus 1.444pt -\tocparanum=35\p@ % paragraph 88.8.8.8 plus 1.666pt -\tocsubparanum=43\p@ % subparagraph 88.8.8.8.8 plus 1.888pt -\def\calctocindent{% -\tocsectotal=\tocchpnum -\advance\tocsectotal by\tocsecnum -\tocsubsectotal=\tocsectotal -\advance\tocsubsectotal by\tocsubsecnum -\tocsubsubsectotal=\tocsubsectotal -\advance\tocsubsubsectotal by\tocsubsubsecnum -\tocparatotal=\tocsubsubsectotal -\advance\tocparatotal by\tocparanum} -\calctocindent - -\def\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{\tocchpnum}{\tocsecnum}} -\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{\tocsectotal}{\tocsubsecnum}} -\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{\tocsubsectotal}{\tocsubsubsecnum}} -\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{\tocsubsubsectotal}{\tocparanum}} -\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{\tocparatotal}{\tocsubparanum}} - -\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn - \fi\section*{\listfigurename\@mkboth{{\listfigurename}}{{\listfigurename}}} - \@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi} -\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{0em}{1.5em}} - -\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn - \fi\section*{\listtablename\@mkboth{{\listtablename}}{{\listtablename}}} - \@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi} -\let\l@table\l@figure - -\renewcommand\listoffigures{% - \section*{\listfigurename - \@mkboth{\listfigurename}{\listfigurename}}% - \@starttoc{lof}% - } - -\renewcommand\listoftables{% - \section*{\listtablename - \@mkboth{\listtablename}{\listtablename}}% - \@starttoc{lot}% - } - -\ifx\oribibl\undefined -\ifx\citeauthoryear\undefined -\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1] - {\section*{\refname} - \def\@biblabel##1{##1.} - \small - \list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% - {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}% - \leftmargin\labelwidth - \advance\leftmargin\labelsep - \if@openbib - \advance\leftmargin\bibindent - \itemindent -\bibindent - \listparindent \itemindent - \parsep \z@ - \fi - \usecounter{enumiv}% - \let\p@enumiv\@empty - \renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}% - \if@openbib - \renewcommand\newblock{\par}% - \else - \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}% - \fi - \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000% - \sfcode`\.=\@m} - {\def\@noitemerr - {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}% - \endlist} -\def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[{[#1]}\hfill]\if@filesw - {\let\protect\noexpand\immediate - \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces} -\newcount\@tempcntc -\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi - \@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do - {\@ifundefined - {b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bfseries - ?}\@warning - {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}% - {\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}% - \ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne - \@citea\def\@citea{,}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}% - \else - \advance\@tempcntb\@ne - \ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc - \else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo - \@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}} -\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else - \@citea\def\@citea{,\,\hskip\z@skip}% - \ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else - {\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else - \def\@citea{--}\fi - \advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi} -\else -\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1] - {\section*{\refname} - \small - \list{}% - {\settowidth\labelwidth{}% - \leftmargin\parindent - \itemindent=-\parindent - \labelsep=\z@ - \if@openbib - \advance\leftmargin\bibindent - \itemindent -\bibindent - \listparindent \itemindent - \parsep \z@ - \fi - \usecounter{enumiv}% - \let\p@enumiv\@empty - \renewcommand\theenumiv{}}% - \if@openbib - \renewcommand\newblock{\par}% - \else - \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}% - \fi - \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000% - \sfcode`\.=\@m} - {\def\@noitemerr - {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}% - \endlist} - \def\@cite#1{#1}% - \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[]\if@filesw - {\def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate - \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}}\fi\ignorespaces} - \fi -\else -\@cons\@openbib@code{\noexpand\small} -\fi - -\def\idxquad{\hskip 10\p@}% space that divides entry from number - -\def\@idxitem{\par\hangindent 10\p@} - -\def\subitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\enspace}% second order - \noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% index entry - -\def\subsubitem{\par\setbox0=\hbox{--\,--\enspace}% third - \noindent\hangindent\wd0\box0}% order index entry - -\def\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ plus5\p@ minus3\p@\relax} - -\renewenvironment{theindex} - {\@mkboth{\indexname}{\indexname}% - \thispagestyle{empty}\parindent\z@ - \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax - \let\item\par - \def\,{\relax\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip - \else\hskip0.2em\ignorespaces\fi}% - \normalfont\small - \begin{multicols}{2}[\@makeschapterhead{\indexname}]% - } - {\end{multicols}} - -\renewcommand\footnoterule{% - \kern-3\p@ - \hrule\@width 2truecm - \kern2.6\p@} - \newdimen\fnindent - \fnindent1em -\long\def\@makefntext#1{% - \parindent \fnindent% - \leftskip \fnindent% - \noindent - \llap{\hb@xt@1em{\hss\@makefnmark\ }}\ignorespaces#1} - -\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{% - \vskip\abovecaptionskip - \sbox\@tempboxa{{\bfseries #1.} #2}% - \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize - {\bfseries #1.} #2\par - \else - \global \@minipagefalse - \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}% - \fi - \vskip\belowcaptionskip} - -\def\fps@figure{htbp} -\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thinspace\thefigure} -\def \@floatboxreset {% - \reset@font - \small - \@setnobreak - \@setminipage -} -\def\fps@table{htbp} -\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable} -\renewenvironment{table} - {\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}% - \setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}% - \@float{table}} - {\end@float} -\renewenvironment{table*} - {\setlength\abovecaptionskip{0\p@}% - \setlength\belowcaptionskip{10\p@}% - \@dblfloat{table}} - {\end@dblfloat} - -\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname - ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname - the#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup - \@parboxrestore - \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par - \endgroup} - -% LaTeX does not provide a command to enter the authors institute -% addresses. The \institute command is defined here. - -\newcounter{@inst} -\newcounter{@auth} -\newcounter{auco} -\newdimen\instindent -\newbox\authrun -\newtoks\authorrunning -\newtoks\tocauthor -\newbox\titrun -\newtoks\titlerunning -\newtoks\toctitle - -\def\clearheadinfo{\gdef\@author{No Author Given}% - \gdef\@title{No Title Given}% - \gdef\@subtitle{}% - \gdef\@institute{No Institute Given}% - \gdef\@thanks{}% - \global\titlerunning={}\global\authorrunning={}% - \global\toctitle={}\global\tocauthor={}} - -\def\institute#1{\gdef\@institute{#1}} - -\def\institutename{\par - \begingroup - \parskip=\z@ - \parindent=\z@ - \setcounter{@inst}{1}% - \def\and{\par\stepcounter{@inst}% - \noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace\ignorespaces}% - \setbox0=\vbox{\def\thanks##1{}\@institute}% - \ifnum\c@@inst=1\relax - \gdef\fnnstart{0}% - \else - \xdef\fnnstart{\c@@inst}% - \setcounter{@inst}{1}% - \noindent$^{\the@inst}$\enspace - \fi - \ignorespaces - \@institute\par - \endgroup} - -\def\@fnsymbol#1{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or\star\or{\star\star}\or - {\star\star\star}\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or - \mathchar "278\or \mathchar "27B\or \|\or **\or \dagger\dagger - \or \ddagger\ddagger \else\@ctrerr\fi}} - -\def\inst#1{\unskip$^{#1}$} -\def\fnmsep{\unskip$^,$} -\def\email#1{{\tt#1}} -\AtBeginDocument{\@ifundefined{url}{\def\url#1{#1}}{}% -\@ifpackageloaded{babel}{% -\@ifundefined{extrasenglish}{}{\addto\extrasenglish{\switcht@albion}}% -\@ifundefined{extrasfrenchb}{}{\addto\extrasfrenchb{\switcht@francais}}% -\@ifundefined{extrasgerman}{}{\addto\extrasgerman{\switcht@deutsch}}% -}{\switcht@@therlang}% -} -\def\homedir{\~{ }} - -\def\subtitle#1{\gdef\@subtitle{#1}} -\clearheadinfo -% -\renewcommand\maketitle{\newpage - \refstepcounter{chapter}% - \stepcounter{section}% - \setcounter{section}{0}% - \setcounter{subsection}{0}% - \setcounter{figure}{0} - \setcounter{table}{0} - \setcounter{equation}{0} - \setcounter{footnote}{0}% - \begingroup - \parindent=\z@ - \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}% - \if@twocolumn - \ifnum \col@number=\@ne - \@maketitle - \else - \twocolumn[\@maketitle]% - \fi - \else - \newpage - \global\@topnum\z@ % Prevents figures from going at top of page. - \@maketitle - \fi - \thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks -% - \def\\{\unskip\ \ignorespaces}\def\inst##1{\unskip{}}% - \def\thanks##1{\unskip{}}\def\fnmsep{\unskip}% - \instindent=\hsize - \advance\instindent by-\headlineindent - \if!\the\toctitle!\addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\@title}\else - \addcontentsline{toc}{title}{\the\toctitle}\fi - \if@runhead - \if!\the\titlerunning!\else - \edef\@title{\the\titlerunning}% - \fi - \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm\unboldmath\ignorespaces\@title}% - \ifdim\wd\titrun>\instindent - \typeout{Title too long for running head. Please supply}% - \typeout{a shorter form with \string\titlerunning\space prior to - \string\maketitle}% - \global\setbox\titrun=\hbox{\small\rm - Title Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}% - \fi - \xdef\@title{\copy\titrun}% - \fi -% - \if!\the\tocauthor!\relax - {\def\and{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\and}% - \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\@author}}% - \else - \def\\{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\newline}% - \protected@xdef\scratch{\the\tocauthor}% - \protected@xdef\toc@uthor{\scratch}% - \fi - \addtocontents{toc}{\noexpand\protect\noexpand\authcount{\the\c@auco}}% - \addcontentsline{toc}{author}{\toc@uthor}% - \if@runhead - \if!\the\authorrunning! - \value{@inst}=\value{@auth}% - \setcounter{@auth}{1}% - \else - \edef\@author{\the\authorrunning}% - \fi - \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\unboldmath\@author\unskip}% - \ifdim\wd\authrun>\instindent - \typeout{Names of authors too long for running head. Please supply}% - \typeout{a shorter form with \string\authorrunning\space prior to - \string\maketitle}% - \global\setbox\authrun=\hbox{\small\rm - Authors Suppressed Due to Excessive Length}% - \fi - \xdef\@author{\copy\authrun}% - \markboth{\@author}{\@title}% - \fi - \endgroup - \setcounter{footnote}{\fnnstart}% - \clearheadinfo} -% -\def\@maketitle{\newpage - \markboth{}{}% - \def\lastand{\ifnum\value{@inst}=2\relax - \unskip{} \andname\ - \else - \unskip \lastandname\ - \fi}% - \def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}\relax - \ifnum\value{@auth}=\value{@inst}% - \lastand - \else - \unskip, - \fi}% - \begin{center}% - \let\newline\\ - {\Large \bfseries\boldmath - \pretolerance=10000 - \@title \par}\vskip .8cm -\if!\@subtitle!\else {\large \bfseries\boldmath - \vskip -.65cm - \pretolerance=10000 - \@subtitle \par}\vskip .8cm\fi - \setbox0=\vbox{\setcounter{@auth}{1}\def\and{\stepcounter{@auth}}% - \def\thanks##1{}\@author}% - \global\value{@inst}=\value{@auth}% - \global\value{auco}=\value{@auth}% - \setcounter{@auth}{1}% -{\lineskip .5em -\noindent\ignorespaces -\@author\vskip.35cm} - {\small\institutename} - \end{center}% - } - -% definition of the "\spnewtheorem" command. -% -% Usage: -% -% \spnewtheorem{env_nam}{caption}[within]{cap_font}{body_font} -% or \spnewtheorem{env_nam}[numbered_like]{caption}{cap_font}{body_font} -% or \spnewtheorem*{env_nam}{caption}{cap_font}{body_font} -% -% New is "cap_font" and "body_font". It stands for -% fontdefinition of the caption and the text itself. -% -% "\spnewtheorem*" gives a theorem without number. -% -% A defined spnewthoerem environment is used as described -% by Lamport. -% -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\def\@thmcountersep{} -\def\@thmcounterend{.} - -\def\spnewtheorem{\@ifstar{\@sthm}{\@Sthm}} - -% definition of \spnewtheorem with number - -\def\@spnthm#1#2{% - \@ifnextchar[{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}}{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}}} -\def\@Sthm#1{\@ifnextchar[{\@spothm{#1}}{\@spnthm{#1}}} - -\def\@spxnthm#1#2[#3]#4#5{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname - {\@definecounter{#1}\@addtoreset{#1}{#3}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\expandafter\noexpand - \csname the#3\endcsname \noexpand\@thmcountersep \@thmcounter{#1}}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% - \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}% - \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}} - -\def\@spynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname - {\@definecounter{#1}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% - \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#1}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}% - \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}} - -\def\@spothm#1[#2]#3#4#5{% - \@ifundefined{c@#2}{\@latexerr{No theorem environment `#2' defined}\@eha}% - {\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname - {\global\@namedef{the#1}{\@nameuse{the#2}}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#3}% - \global\@namedef{#1}{\@spthm{#2}{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#4}{#5}}% - \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}}} - -\def\@spthm#1#2#3#4{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ -\refstepcounter{#1}% -\@ifnextchar[{\@spythm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}{\@spxthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}}} - -\def\@spxthm#1#2#3#4{\@spbegintheorem{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}{#3}{#4}% - \ignorespaces} - -\def\@spythm#1#2#3#4[#5]{\@spopargbegintheorem{#2}{\csname - the#1\endcsname}{#5}{#3}{#4}\ignorespaces} - -\def\@spbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{\trivlist - \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1\ #2\@thmcounterend}]#4} - -\def\@spopargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4#5{\trivlist - \item[\hskip\labelsep{#4#1\ #2}]{#4(#3)\@thmcounterend\ }#5} - -% definition of \spnewtheorem* without number - -\def\@sthm#1#2{\@Ynthm{#1}{#2}} - -\def\@Ynthm#1#2#3#4{\expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname - {\global\@namedef{#1}{\@Thm{\csname #1name\endcsname}{#3}{#4}}% - \expandafter\xdef\csname #1name\endcsname{#2}% - \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}}} - -\def\@Thm#1#2#3{\topsep 7\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@ -\@ifnextchar[{\@Ythm{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@Xthm{#1}{#2}{#3}}} - -\def\@Xthm#1#2#3{\@Begintheorem{#1}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces} - -\def\@Ythm#1#2#3[#4]{\@Opargbegintheorem{#1} - {#4}{#2}{#3}\ignorespaces} - -\def\@Begintheorem#1#2#3{#3\trivlist - \item[\hskip\labelsep{#2#1\@thmcounterend}]} - -\def\@Opargbegintheorem#1#2#3#4{#4\trivlist - \item[\hskip\labelsep{#3#1}]{#3(#2)\@thmcounterend\ }} - -\if@envcntsect - \def\@thmcountersep{.} - \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]{\bfseries}{\itshape} -\else - \spnewtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}{\bfseries}{\itshape} - \if@envcntreset - \@addtoreset{theorem}{section} - \else - \@addtoreset{theorem}{chapter} - \fi -\fi - -%definition of divers theorem environments -\spnewtheorem*{claim}{Claim}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spnewtheorem*{proof}{Proof}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\if@envcntsame % alle Umgebungen wie Theorem. - \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spothm{#1}[theorem]{#2}{#3}{#4}} -\else % alle Umgebungen mit eigenem Zaehler - \if@envcntsect % mit section numeriert - \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spxnthm{#1}{#2}[section]{#3}{#4}} - \else % nicht mit section numeriert - \if@envcntreset - \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4} - \@addtoreset{#1}{section}} - \else - \def\spn@wtheorem#1#2#3#4{\@spynthm{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4} - \@addtoreset{#1}{chapter}}% - \fi - \fi -\fi -\spn@wtheorem{case}{Case}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{conjecture}{Conjecture}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}{\bfseries}{\itshape} -\spn@wtheorem{definition}{Definition}{\bfseries}{\itshape} -\spn@wtheorem{example}{Example}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{lemma}{Lemma}{\bfseries}{\itshape} -\spn@wtheorem{note}{Note}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{problem}{Problem}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{property}{Property}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}{\bfseries}{\itshape} -\spn@wtheorem{question}{Question}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{solution}{Solution}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} -\spn@wtheorem{remark}{Remark}{\itshape}{\rmfamily} - -\def\@takefromreset#1#2{% - \def\@tempa{#1}% - \let\@tempd\@elt - \def\@elt##1{% - \def\@tempb{##1}% - \ifx\@tempa\@tempb\else - \@addtoreset{##1}{#2}% - \fi}% - \expandafter\expandafter\let\expandafter\@tempc\csname cl@#2\endcsname - \expandafter\def\csname cl@#2\endcsname{}% - \@tempc - \let\@elt\@tempd} - -\def\theopargself{\def\@spopargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4##5{\trivlist - \item[\hskip\labelsep{##4##1\ ##2}]{##4##3\@thmcounterend\ }##5} - \def\@Opargbegintheorem##1##2##3##4{##4\trivlist - \item[\hskip\labelsep{##3##1}]{##3##2\@thmcounterend\ }} - } - -\renewenvironment{abstract}{% - \list{}{\advance\topsep by0.35cm\relax\small - \leftmargin=1cm - \labelwidth=\z@ - \listparindent=\z@ - \itemindent\listparindent - \rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[\hskip\labelsep - \bfseries\abstractname]} - {\endlist} - -\newdimen\headlineindent % dimension for space between -\headlineindent=1.166cm % number and text of headings. - -\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo - \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty - \def\@evenhead{\normalfont\small\rlap{\thepage}\hspace{\headlineindent}% - \leftmark\hfil} - \def\@oddhead{\normalfont\small\hfil\rightmark\hspace{\headlineindent}% - \llap{\thepage}} - \def\chaptermark##1{}% - \def\sectionmark##1{}% - \def\subsectionmark##1{}} - -\def\ps@titlepage{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo - \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty - \def\@evenhead{\normalfont\small\rlap{\thepage}\hspace{\headlineindent}% - \hfil} - \def\@oddhead{\normalfont\small\hfil\hspace{\headlineindent}% - \llap{\thepage}} - \def\chaptermark##1{}% - \def\sectionmark##1{}% - \def\subsectionmark##1{}} - -\if@runhead\ps@headings\else -\ps@empty\fi - -\setlength\arraycolsep{1.4\p@} -\setlength\tabcolsep{1.4\p@} - -\endinput -%end of file llncs.cls diff --git a/2009/metrics/metrics.bib b/2009/metrics/metrics.bib index 2dc5476..1bb6a28 100755 --- a/2009/metrics/metrics.bib +++ b/2009/metrics/metrics.bib @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ title = {Clients download consensus + microdescriptors}, year = {2009}, month = {January}, - note = {\url{https://git.torproject.org/checkout/tor/master/doc/spec/proposals/158-microdescriptors.txt}}, + note = {\url{https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/blob/HEAD:/proposals/158-microdescriptors.txt}}, institution = {The Tor Project}, type = {Tor Proposal}, number = {158}, @@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ author = {The Tor Project}, title = {Tor directory protocol, version 3}, year = {2009}, - note = {\url{https://git.torproject.org/checkout/tor/master/doc/spec/dir-spec.txt}}, + note = {\url{https://gitweb.torproject.org/torspec.git/blob/HEAD:/dir-spec.txt}}, } @inproceedings{lenhard2009performance, - title = {Performance Measurements of Tor Hidden Services in Low-Bandwidth Access Networks}, + title = {Performance Measurements of {Tor} Hidden Services in Low-Bandwidth Access Networks}, author = {J{\"o}rg Lenhard and Karsten Loesing and Guido Wirtz}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security (ACNS 2009), Paris-Rocquencourt, France}, publisher = {Springer}, @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ month = {June}, } -@other{mulazzani2009personal, +@misc{mulazzani2009personal, author = {Martin Mulazzani}, title = {Personal communication}, year = {2009}, diff --git a/2009/metrics/metrics.tex b/2009/metrics/metrics.tex index 3135400..97381d0 100755 --- a/2009/metrics/metrics.tex +++ b/2009/metrics/metrics.tex @@ -1,9 +1,8 @@ -\documentclass[letterpaper,11pt]{llncs} +\documentclass{tortechrep} \usepackage{cite} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{fontenc} -\usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} -\usepackage{graphics} +\usepackage{graphicx} \usepackage{color} \usepackage{url} \usepackage{amsmath} @@ -11,9 +10,11 @@ \begin{document} \title{Measuring the Tor Network from\\Public Directory Information} \author{Karsten Loesing} -\institute{The Tor Project\\ -karsten.loesing@gmx.net} -\date{} +\contact{karsten@torproject.org} +\reportid{2009-08-002\footnote{This report was presented at 2nd Hot Topics +in Privacy Enhancing Technologies (HotPETs 2009), Seattle, WA, USA, August +2009.}} +\date{August 7, 2009} \maketitle \begin{abstract} @@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ The first step in the directory protocol is that relays publish router descripto \begin{table} \caption{Subset of the data contained in a router descriptor} \label{tab:routerdesc} -\begin{tabular}{p{3cm}p{9cm}} +\vspace{1em} +\begin{tabular}{p{3.7cm}p{11.9cm}} \toprule \textbf{Data field} & \textbf{Description}\\ \midrule @@ -110,8 +112,9 @@ In addition to router descriptors, relays publish a second type of document to t \begin{table} \caption{Subset of the data contained in an extra-info document} +\vspace{1em} \label{tab:extrainfo} -\begin{tabular}{p{3cm}p{9cm}} +\begin{tabular}{p{3.7cm}p{11.9cm}} \toprule \textbf{Data field} & \textbf{Description}\\ \midrule @@ -126,9 +129,10 @@ The reason for separating out extra-info documents from router descriptors was t The directory authorities store router descriptors and continuously verify availability of relays to maintain a list of running relays. The authorities further assign various flags to each relay based on their knowledge of the whole network to indicate special properties of a relay, e.g., if it is more stable than others. These flags are used by clients to make their path selection decisions. Every hour, the directory authorities exchange their views on the network and agree on a common list of available relays, called network status consensus. Every running relay has an entry in a network status consensus with the data as shown in Table~\ref{tab:statusentry}. \begin{table} -\caption{Subset of the data contained in a network status consensus entry} +\caption{Subset of the data contained in a network status consensus} \label{tab:statusentry} -\begin{tabular}{p{3cm}p{9cm}} +\vspace{1em} +\begin{tabular}{p{3.7cm}p{11.9cm}} \toprule \textbf{Data field} & \textbf{Description}\\ \midrule @@ -144,13 +148,22 @@ Stable flag & Authorities think this relay is suitable for long-lived circuits\\ Clients learn about the available relays by downloading a network status consensus and all referenced router descriptors from the directory authorities. -All the directory information as described here can be easily collected on a regular basis. One could run a relay and configure it to act as a directory cache to obtain this information automatically. Alternatively, one can downloaded all documents from the directories using simple HTTP GET requests. The latter can be automated using scripts.\footnote{See Peter Palfrader's directory archive script that performs this task: \url{https://git.torproject.org/checkout/tor/master/contrib/directory-archive/}} +All the directory information as described here can be easily collected on a regular basis. One could run a relay and configure it to act as a directory cache to obtain this information automatically. Alternatively, one can downloaded all documents from the directories using simple HTTP GET requests. The latter can be automated using scripts.\footnote{See Peter Palfrader's directory archive script that performs this task: \url{https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor.git/tree/HEAD:/contrib/directory-archive}} -The directory data are already used to provide an overview of the Tor network. TorStatus is a web-based application to present basic statistics on the Tor network.\footnote{See the project homepage of TorStatus, developed by Joseph B.\ Kowalski and Kasimir Gabert, at: \url{http://project.torstatus.kgprog.com/trac/}} Only recently, TorStatus was extended by Martin Mulazzani \cite{mulazzani2009personal} by writing a subset of directory information to a database and visualizing the collected data in the web interface. Mulazzani's approach differs from the approach taken here by creating an interface for users to let them analyze data about the Tor network rather than collecting data and performing the analysis offline. An integration of both approaches in the future might be beneficial. +The directory data are already used to provide an overview of the Tor network. TorStatus is a web-based application to present basic statistics on the Tor network.\footnote{See the project homepage of TorStatus, developed by Joseph B.\ Kowalski and Kasimir Gabert, at: \url{http://project.torstatus.kgprog.com/trac/} (update August 27, 2012: website does not exist anymore)} Only recently, TorStatus was extended by Martin Mulazzani \cite{mulazzani2009personal} by writing a subset of directory information to a database and visualizing the collected data in the web interface. Mulazzani's approach differs from the approach taken here by creating an interface for users to let them analyze data about the Tor network rather than collecting data and performing the analysis offline. An integration of both approaches in the future might be beneficial. \section{Results} -The following statistics are the result of a continuous collection of directory data from February 2006 to February 2009 by Peter Palfrader. A copy of these data can be requested for research purposes by contacting the author of this paper. The tools to import the directory archives into a database and perform evaluations on them have been made freely available.\footnote{\url{git://git.torproject.org/git/metrics/}} +The following statistics are the result of a continuous collection of directory data from February 2006 to February 2009 by Peter Palfrader. A copy of these data can be requested for research purposes by contacting the author of this paper.% +\footnote{Update August 27, 2012: the data is available at: +\url{https://metrics.torproject.org/}} +The tools to import the directory archives into a database and perform evaluations on them have been made freely available.% +\footnote{Update August 27, 2012: these tools are no longer maintained, at +least not for research purposes. The metrics website code at +\url{https://gitweb.torproject.org/metrics-web.git} uses a database to +aggregate relay statistics to answer standard questions, but it might be +easier to develop custom database code to answer more research-oriented +questions.} %interessante ergebnisse %- 80 \% über infrastruktur @@ -168,7 +181,7 @@ The shown flags shall help clients make better path selection decisions rather t \begin{figure} \centering -\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{relayflags-hotpets.pdf} +\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{relayflags-hotpets.pdf} \caption{Average number of running relays per day with flags assigned by the directory authorities} \label{fig:relayflags} \end{figure} @@ -179,7 +192,7 @@ This graph can also be useful to decide whether conditions to assign certain fla \begin{figure} \centering -\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{guardwfu-hotpets.pdf} +\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{guardwfu-hotpets.pdf} \caption{Simulation of the number of guard nodes when reducing the required weighted fractional uptime} \label{fig:guardwfu} \end{figure} @@ -188,11 +201,11 @@ This graph can also be useful to decide whether conditions to assign certain fla Relays include a platform string in their router descriptors containing the version of the Tor software and operating system. These strings can be evaluated to learn about the distribution of versions in the network as well as the update behavior of relay operators. Figure~\ref{fig:platforms} visualizes the number of relays running different major versions of the Tor software. The vertical lines denote the points in time when a major version was declared to be the new stable version. The version life cycles can be subdivided into an alpha and release candidate phase (April 2006 to April 2007 for 0.1.2.x), a stable phase (April 2007 to July 2008), and an out-of-date phase (July 2008 until today). For all major versions there is an upper limit of approximately 200 relay operators running alpha or release candidate versions. There is no visible increase when versions are moved from alpha state to release candidate state (March 2, 2007 for 0.1.2.x, February 24, 2008 for 0.2.0.x) . The stable phases for all versions show that it can take months until most relay operators switch from an out-of-date version to the stable version (April 2007 to around end of 2007 for 0.1.1.x). Accordingly, the out-of-date phases show that old versions are used even years after new stable versions are available (0.1.1.x still in use in 2009). -These results indicate that more efforts need to be taken to encourage relay operators to upgrade. It is desirable that relay operators upgrade to the stable versions as soon as possible or by no later than the end-of-life announcement. Approaches to make relay operators upgrade more quickly include helping popular operating system distributors to include up-to-date Tor versions or providing a semi-automatic updating mechanism to facilitate the upgrade process.\footnote{For more details about the secure updater for Tor, called Thandy, which is currently under development, see \url{https://git.torproject.org/checkout/thandy/master/}} +These results indicate that more efforts need to be taken to encourage relay operators to upgrade. It is desirable that relay operators upgrade to the stable versions as soon as possible or by no later than the end-of-life announcement. Approaches to make relay operators upgrade more quickly include helping popular operating system distributors to include up-to-date Tor versions or providing a semi-automatic updating mechanism to facilitate the upgrade process.\footnote{For more details about the secure updater for Tor, called Thandy, which is currently under development, see \url{https://gitweb.torproject.org/thandy.git}} \begin{figure} \centering -\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{platforms-hotpets.pdf} +\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{platforms-hotpets.pdf} \caption{Number of relays running different major Tor software versions} \label{fig:platforms} \end{figure} @@ -207,7 +220,7 @@ Figure~\ref{fig:dynamic} shows the number of relays running on static and on dyn \begin{figure} \centering -\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{dynamic-hotpets.pdf} +\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{dynamic-hotpets.pdf} \caption{Number of relays presumably running on dynamic and static IP addresses} \label{fig:dynamic} \end{figure} @@ -220,7 +233,7 @@ The graph in Figure~\ref{fig:advertised} shows that roughly half of the availabl \begin{figure} \centering -\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{advertised-hotpets.pdf} +\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{advertised-hotpets.pdf} \caption{Total bandwidth capactiy and usage in the network} \label{fig:advertised} \end{figure} @@ -236,14 +249,14 @@ Figure~\ref{fig:countrybw} shows the top-5 contributing countries, this time by \begin{figure} \centering -\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{country-hotpets.pdf} +\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{country-hotpets.pdf} \caption{Number of relays in the top-5 contributing countries} \label{fig:country} \end{figure} \begin{figure} \centering -\includegraphics[width=.95\textwidth]{countrybw-hotpets.pdf} +\includegraphics[width=.85\textwidth]{countrybw-hotpets.pdf} \caption{Bandwidth usage as observed by relays located in the top-5 contributing countries} \label{fig:countrybw} \end{figure} @@ -269,7 +282,6 @@ The next step in analyzing the public Tor network would be to focus on performan %Researchers in the past have modified relays to lie about their real bandwidth and attract more clients which could be detected from reports of directly connected relays (\textbf{refs siehe diss!}). %In the future, these data might also be passed on by the directories to clients to make better path-selection decisions. (eher von DAs auswerten lassen, nicht an clients weitergeben, um bootstrapping problem nicht zu verschlimmern. siehe auch microdescriptor-ansatz) -\bibliographystyle{plain} \bibliography{metrics} \end{document} diff --git a/2009/metrics/tortechrep.cls b/2009/metrics/tortechrep.cls new file mode 120000 index 0000000..4c24db2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2009/metrics/tortechrep.cls @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +../../tortechrep.cls \ No newline at end of file