[tor/release-0.4.0] Merge branch 'ticket31343_029' into ticket31343_035

9 Aug 2019

commit a4400a77a5db2fc60db258857a23a11ec741e426
Merge: 70d0b97ee 878f44090
Author: Nick Mathewson <nickm@torproject.org>
Date:   Thu Aug 8 09:39:48 2019 -0400

    Merge branch 'ticket31343_029' into ticket31343_035

 src/feature/nodelist/routerlist.c | 6 ++++--
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --cc src/feature/nodelist/routerlist.c
index 4a99427cd,000000000..456f930aa
mode 100644,000000..100644

--- a/src/feature/nodelist/routerlist.c
+++ b/src/feature/nodelist/routerlist.c
@@@ -1,3232 -1,0 +1,3234 @@@
 +/* Copyright (c) 2001 Matej Pfajfar.
 + * Copyright (c) 2001-2004, Roger Dingledine.
 + * Copyright (c) 2004-2006, Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson.
 + * Copyright (c) 2007-2019, The Tor Project, Inc. */
 +/* See LICENSE for licensing information */
 +
 +/**
 + * \file routerlist.c
 + * \brief Code to
 + * maintain and access the global list of routerinfos for known
 + * servers.
 + *
 + * A "routerinfo_t" object represents a single self-signed router
 + * descriptor, as generated by a Tor relay in order to tell the rest of
 + * the world about its keys, address, and capabilities.  An
 + * "extrainfo_t" object represents an adjunct "extra-info" object,
 + * certified by a corresponding router descriptor, reporting more
 + * information about the relay that nearly all users will not need.
 + *
 + * Most users will not use router descriptors for most relays.  Instead,
 + * they use the information in microdescriptors and in the consensus
 + * networkstatus.
 + *
 + * Right now, routerinfo_t objects are used in these ways:
 + *  <ul>
 + *   <li>By clients, in order to learn about bridge keys and capabilities.
 + *     (Bridges aren't listed in the consensus networkstatus, so they
 + *     can't have microdescriptors.)
 + *   <li>By relays, since relays want more information about other relays
 + *     than they can learn from microdescriptors. (TODO: Is this still true?)
 + *   <li>By authorities, which receive them and use them to generate the
 + *     consensus and the microdescriptors.
 + *   <li>By all directory caches, which download them in case somebody
 + *     else wants them.
 + *  </ul>
 + *
 + * Routerinfos are mostly created by parsing them from a string, in
 + * routerparse.c. We store them to disk on receiving them, and
 + * periodically discard the ones we don't need. On restarting, we
 + * re-read them from disk. (This also applies to extrainfo documents, if
 + * we are configured to fetch them.)
 + *
 + * In order to keep our list of routerinfos up-to-date, we periodically
 + * check whether there are any listed in the latest consensus (or in the
 + * votes from other authorities, if we are an authority) that we don't
 + * have.  (This also applies to extrainfo documents, if we are
 + * configured to fetch them.)
 + *
 + * Almost nothing in Tor should use a routerinfo_t to refer directly to
 + * a relay; instead, almost everything should use node_t (implemented in
 + * nodelist.c), which provides a common interface to routerinfo_t,
 + * routerstatus_t, and microdescriptor_t.
 + *
 + * <br>
 + *
 + * This module also has some of the functions used for choosing random
 + * nodes according to different rules and weights.  Historically, they
 + * were all in this module.  Now, they are spread across this module,
 + * nodelist.c, and networkstatus.c.  (TODO: Fix that.)
 + **/
 +
 +#define ROUTERLIST_PRIVATE
 +#include "core/or/or.h"
 +
 +#include "app/config/config.h"
 +#include "core/mainloop/connection.h"
 +#include "core/mainloop/mainloop.h"
 +#include "core/or/policies.h"
 +#include "feature/client/bridges.h"
 +#include "feature/control/control.h"
 +#include "feature/dirauth/authmode.h"
 +#include "feature/dirauth/process_descs.h"
 +#include "feature/dirauth/reachability.h"
 +#include "feature/dircache/dirserv.h"
 +#include "feature/dirclient/dirclient.h"
 +#include "feature/dirclient/dlstatus.h"
 +#include "feature/dircommon/directory.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/authcert.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/describe.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/dirlist.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/microdesc.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/networkstatus.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/node_select.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/nodelist.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/routerinfo.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/routerlist.h"
 +#include "feature/dirparse/routerparse.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/routerset.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/torcert.h"
 +#include "feature/relay/routermode.h"
 +#include "feature/stats/rephist.h"
 +#include "lib/crypt_ops/crypto_format.h"
 +#include "lib/crypt_ops/crypto_rand.h"
 +
 +#include "feature/dircommon/dir_connection_st.h"
 +#include "feature/dirclient/dir_server_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/document_signature_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/extrainfo_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/networkstatus_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/networkstatus_voter_info_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/node_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/routerinfo_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/routerlist_st.h"
 +#include "feature/nodelist/vote_routerstatus_st.h"
 +
 +#include "lib/crypt_ops/digestset.h"
 +
 +#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
 +#include <sys/stat.h>
 +#endif
 +
 +// #define DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 +
 +/****************************************************************************/
 +
 +/* Typed wrappers for different digestmap types; used to avoid type
 + * confusion. */
 +
 +DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(sdmap_, digest_sd_map_t, signed_descriptor_t)
 +DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(rimap_, digest_ri_map_t, routerinfo_t)
 +DECLARE_TYPED_DIGESTMAP_FNS(eimap_, digest_ei_map_t, extrainfo_t)
 +#define SDMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar)                              \
 +  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(sdmap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, signed_descriptor_t *, \
 +                    valvar)
 +#define RIMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar) \
 +  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(rimap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, routerinfo_t *, valvar)
 +#define EIMAP_FOREACH(map, keyvar, valvar) \
 +  DIGESTMAP_FOREACH(eimap_to_digestmap(map), keyvar, extrainfo_t *, valvar)
 +#define eimap_free(map, fn) MAP_FREE_AND_NULL(eimap, (map), (fn))
 +#define rimap_free(map, fn) MAP_FREE_AND_NULL(rimap, (map), (fn))
 +#define sdmap_free(map, fn) MAP_FREE_AND_NULL(sdmap, (map), (fn))
 +
 +/* static function prototypes */
 +static int signed_desc_digest_is_recognized(signed_descriptor_t *desc);
 +static const char *signed_descriptor_get_body_impl(
 +                                              const signed_descriptor_t *desc,
 +                                              int with_annotations);
 +static void launch_dummy_descriptor_download_as_needed(time_t now,
 +                                   const or_options_t *options);
 +
 +/****************************************************************************/
 +
 +/** Global list of all of the routers that we know about. */
 +static routerlist_t *routerlist = NULL;
 +
 +/** List of strings for nicknames we've already warned about and that are
 + * still unknown / unavailable. */
 +static smartlist_t *warned_nicknames = NULL;
 +
 +/** The last time we tried to download any routerdesc, or 0 for "never".  We
 + * use this to rate-limit download attempts when the number of routerdescs to
 + * download is low. */
 +static time_t last_descriptor_download_attempted = 0;
 +
 +/* Router descriptor storage.
 + *
 + * Routerdescs are stored in a big file, named "cached-descriptors".  As new
 + * routerdescs arrive, we append them to a journal file named
 + * "cached-descriptors.new".
 + *
 + * From time to time, we replace "cached-descriptors" with a new file
 + * containing only the live, non-superseded descriptors, and clear
 + * cached-routers.new.
 + *
 + * On startup, we read both files.
 + */
 +
 +/** Helper: return 1 iff the router log is so big we want to rebuild the
 + * store. */
 +static int
 +router_should_rebuild_store(desc_store_t *store)
 +{
 +  if (store->store_len > (1<<16))
 +    return (store->journal_len > store->store_len / 2 ||
 +            store->bytes_dropped > store->store_len / 2);
 +  else
 +    return store->journal_len > (1<<15);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the desc_store_t in <b>rl</b> that should be used to store
 + * <b>sd</b>. */
 +static inline desc_store_t *
 +desc_get_store(routerlist_t *rl, const signed_descriptor_t *sd)
 +{
 +  if (sd->is_extrainfo)
 +    return &rl->extrainfo_store;
 +  else
 +    return &rl->desc_store;
 +}
 +
 +/** Add the signed_descriptor_t in <b>desc</b> to the router
 + * journal; change its saved_location to SAVED_IN_JOURNAL and set its
 + * offset appropriately. */
 +static int
 +signed_desc_append_to_journal(signed_descriptor_t *desc,
 +                              desc_store_t *store)
 +{
 +  char *fname = get_cachedir_fname_suffix(store->fname_base, ".new");
 +  const char *body = signed_descriptor_get_body_impl(desc,1);
 +  size_t len = desc->signed_descriptor_len + desc->annotations_len;
 +
 +  if (append_bytes_to_file(fname, body, len, 1)) {
 +    log_warn(LD_FS, "Unable to store router descriptor");
 +    tor_free(fname);
 +    return -1;
 +  }
 +  desc->saved_location = SAVED_IN_JOURNAL;
 +  tor_free(fname);
 +
 +  desc->saved_offset = store->journal_len;
 +  store->journal_len += len;
 +
 +  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/** Sorting helper: return <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the
 + * signed_descriptor_t* in *<b>a</b> is older, the same age as, or newer than
 + * the signed_descriptor_t* in *<b>b</b>. */
 +static int
 +compare_signed_descriptors_by_age_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 +{
 +  const signed_descriptor_t *r1 = *_a, *r2 = *_b;
 +  return (int)(r1->published_on - r2->published_on);
 +}
 +
 +#define RRS_FORCE 1
 +#define RRS_DONT_REMOVE_OLD 2
 +
 +/** If the journal of <b>store</b> is too long, or if RRS_FORCE is set in
 + * <b>flags</b>, then atomically replace the saved router store with the
 + * routers currently in our routerlist, and clear the journal.  Unless
 + * RRS_DONT_REMOVE_OLD is set in <b>flags</b>, delete expired routers before
 + * rebuilding the store.  Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 + */
 +static int
 +router_rebuild_store(int flags, desc_store_t *store)
 +{
 +  smartlist_t *chunk_list = NULL;
 +  char *fname = NULL, *fname_tmp = NULL;
 +  int r = -1;
 +  off_t offset = 0;
 +  smartlist_t *signed_descriptors = NULL;
 +  int nocache=0;
 +  size_t total_expected_len = 0;
 +  int had_any;
 +  int force = flags & RRS_FORCE;
 +
 +  if (!force && !router_should_rebuild_store(store)) {
 +    r = 0;
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +  if (!routerlist) {
 +    r = 0;
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (store->type == EXTRAINFO_STORE)
 +    had_any = !eimap_isempty(routerlist->extra_info_map);
 +  else
 +    had_any = (smartlist_len(routerlist->routers)+
 +               smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers))>0;
 +
 +  /* Don't save deadweight. */
 +  if (!(flags & RRS_DONT_REMOVE_OLD))
 +    routerlist_remove_old_routers();
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR, "Rebuilding %s cache", store->description);
 +
 +  fname = get_cachedir_fname(store->fname_base);
 +  fname_tmp = get_cachedir_fname_suffix(store->fname_base, ".tmp");
 +
 +  chunk_list = smartlist_new();
 +
 +  /* We sort the routers by age to enhance locality on disk. */
 +  signed_descriptors = smartlist_new();
 +  if (store->type == EXTRAINFO_STORE) {
 +    eimap_iter_t *iter;
 +    for (iter = eimap_iter_init(routerlist->extra_info_map);
 +         !eimap_iter_done(iter);
 +         iter = eimap_iter_next(routerlist->extra_info_map, iter)) {
 +      const char *key;
 +      extrainfo_t *ei;
 +      eimap_iter_get(iter, &key, &ei);
 +      smartlist_add(signed_descriptors, &ei->cache_info);
 +    }
 +  } else {
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->old_routers, signed_descriptor_t *, sd,
 +                      smartlist_add(signed_descriptors, sd));
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri,
 +                      smartlist_add(signed_descriptors, &ri->cache_info));
 +  }
 +
 +  smartlist_sort(signed_descriptors, compare_signed_descriptors_by_age_);
 +
 +  /* Now, add the appropriate members to chunk_list */
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(signed_descriptors, signed_descriptor_t *, sd) {
 +      sized_chunk_t *c;
 +      const char *body = signed_descriptor_get_body_impl(sd, 1);
 +      if (!body) {
 +        log_warn(LD_BUG, "No descriptor available for router.");
 +        goto done;
 +      }
 +      if (sd->do_not_cache) {
 +        ++nocache;
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      c = tor_malloc(sizeof(sized_chunk_t));
 +      c->bytes = body;
 +      c->len = sd->signed_descriptor_len + sd->annotations_len;
 +      total_expected_len += c->len;
 +      smartlist_add(chunk_list, c);
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(sd);
 +
 +  if (write_chunks_to_file(fname_tmp, chunk_list, 1, 1)<0) {
 +    log_warn(LD_FS, "Error writing router store to disk.");
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* Our mmap is now invalid. */
 +  if (store->mmap) {
 +    int res = tor_munmap_file(store->mmap);
 +    store->mmap = NULL;
 +    if (res != 0) {
 +      log_warn(LD_FS, "Unable to munmap route store in %s", fname);
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  if (replace_file(fname_tmp, fname)<0) {
 +    log_warn(LD_FS, "Error replacing old router store: %s", strerror(errno));
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +
 +  errno = 0;
 +  store->mmap = tor_mmap_file(fname);
 +  if (! store->mmap) {
 +    if (errno == ERANGE) {
 +      /* empty store.*/
 +      if (total_expected_len) {
 +        log_warn(LD_FS, "We wrote some bytes to a new descriptor file at '%s',"
 +                 " but when we went to mmap it, it was empty!", fname);
 +      } else if (had_any) {
 +        log_info(LD_FS, "We just removed every descriptor in '%s'.  This is "
 +                 "okay if we're just starting up after a long time. "
 +                 "Otherwise, it's a bug.", fname);
 +      }
 +    } else {
 +      log_warn(LD_FS, "Unable to mmap new descriptor file at '%s'.",fname);
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR, "Reconstructing pointers into cache");
 +
 +  offset = 0;
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(signed_descriptors, signed_descriptor_t *, sd) {
 +      if (sd->do_not_cache)
 +        continue;
 +      sd->saved_location = SAVED_IN_CACHE;
 +      if (store->mmap) {
 +        tor_free(sd->signed_descriptor_body); // sets it to null
 +        sd->saved_offset = offset;
 +      }
 +      offset += sd->signed_descriptor_len + sd->annotations_len;
 +      signed_descriptor_get_body(sd); /* reconstruct and assert */
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(sd);
 +
 +  tor_free(fname);
 +  fname = get_cachedir_fname_suffix(store->fname_base, ".new");
 +  write_str_to_file(fname, "", 1);
 +
 +  r = 0;
 +  store->store_len = (size_t) offset;
 +  store->journal_len = 0;
 +  store->bytes_dropped = 0;
 + done:
 +  smartlist_free(signed_descriptors);
 +  tor_free(fname);
 +  tor_free(fname_tmp);
 +  if (chunk_list) {
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(chunk_list, sized_chunk_t *, c, tor_free(c));
 +    smartlist_free(chunk_list);
 +  }
 +
 +  return r;
 +}
 +
 +/** Helper: Reload a cache file and its associated journal, setting metadata
 + * appropriately.  If <b>extrainfo</b> is true, reload the extrainfo store;
 + * else reload the router descriptor store. */
 +static int
 +router_reload_router_list_impl(desc_store_t *store)
 +{
 +  char *fname = NULL, *contents = NULL;
 +  struct stat st;
 +  int extrainfo = (store->type == EXTRAINFO_STORE);
 +  store->journal_len = store->store_len = 0;
 +
 +  fname = get_cachedir_fname(store->fname_base);
 +
 +  if (store->mmap) {
 +    /* get rid of it first */
 +    int res = tor_munmap_file(store->mmap);
 +    store->mmap = NULL;
 +    if (res != 0) {
 +      log_warn(LD_FS, "Failed to munmap %s", fname);
 +      tor_free(fname);
 +      return -1;
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  store->mmap = tor_mmap_file(fname);
 +  if (store->mmap) {
 +    store->store_len = store->mmap->size;
 +    if (extrainfo)
 +      router_load_extrainfo_from_string(store->mmap->data,
 +                                        store->mmap->data+store->mmap->size,
 +                                        SAVED_IN_CACHE, NULL, 0);
 +    else
 +      router_load_routers_from_string(store->mmap->data,
 +                                      store->mmap->data+store->mmap->size,
 +                                      SAVED_IN_CACHE, NULL, 0, NULL);
 +  }
 +
 +  tor_free(fname);
 +  fname = get_cachedir_fname_suffix(store->fname_base, ".new");
 +  /* don't load empty files - we wouldn't get any data, even if we tried */
 +  if (file_status(fname) == FN_FILE)
 +    contents = read_file_to_str(fname, RFTS_BIN|RFTS_IGNORE_MISSING, &st);
 +  if (contents) {
 +    if (extrainfo)
 +      router_load_extrainfo_from_string(contents, NULL,SAVED_IN_JOURNAL,
 +                                        NULL, 0);
 +    else
 +      router_load_routers_from_string(contents, NULL, SAVED_IN_JOURNAL,
 +                                      NULL, 0, NULL);
 +    store->journal_len = (size_t) st.st_size;
 +    tor_free(contents);
 +  }
 +
 +  tor_free(fname);
 +
 +  if (store->journal_len) {
 +    /* Always clear the journal on startup.*/
 +    router_rebuild_store(RRS_FORCE, store);
 +  } else if (!extrainfo) {
 +    /* Don't cache expired routers. (This is in an else because
 +     * router_rebuild_store() also calls remove_old_routers().) */
 +    routerlist_remove_old_routers();
 +  }
 +
 +  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/** Load all cached router descriptors and extra-info documents from the
 + * store. Return 0 on success and -1 on failure.
 + */
 +int
 +router_reload_router_list(void)
 +{
 +  routerlist_t *rl = router_get_routerlist();
 +  if (router_reload_router_list_impl(&rl->desc_store))
 +    return -1;
 +  if (router_reload_router_list_impl(&rl->extrainfo_store))
 +    return -1;
 +  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/* When iterating through the routerlist, can OR address/port preference
 + * and reachability checks be skipped?
 + */
 +int
 +router_skip_or_reachability(const or_options_t *options, int try_ip_pref)
 +{
 +  /* Servers always have and prefer IPv4.
 +   * And if clients are checking against the firewall for reachability only,
 +   * but there's no firewall, don't bother checking */
 +  return server_mode(options) || (!try_ip_pref && !firewall_is_fascist_or());
 +}
 +
 +/* When iterating through the routerlist, can Dir address/port preference
 + * and reachability checks be skipped?
 + */
 +int
 +router_skip_dir_reachability(const or_options_t *options, int try_ip_pref)
 +{
 +  /* Servers always have and prefer IPv4.
 +   * And if clients are checking against the firewall for reachability only,
 +   * but there's no firewall, don't bother checking */
 +  return server_mode(options) || (!try_ip_pref && !firewall_is_fascist_dir());
 +}
 +
 +/** Return true iff r1 and r2 have the same address and OR port. */
 +int
 +routers_have_same_or_addrs(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2)
 +{
 +  return r1->addr == r2->addr && r1->or_port == r2->or_port &&
 +    tor_addr_eq(&r1->ipv6_addr, &r2->ipv6_addr) &&
 +    r1->ipv6_orport == r2->ipv6_orport;
 +}
 +
 +/** Add every suitable node from our nodelist to <b>sl</b>, so that
 + * we can pick a node for a circuit.
 + */
 +void
 +router_add_running_nodes_to_smartlist(smartlist_t *sl, int need_uptime,
 +                                      int need_capacity, int need_guard,
 +                                      int need_desc, int pref_addr,
 +                                      int direct_conn)
 +{
 +  const int check_reach = !router_skip_or_reachability(get_options(),
 +                                                       pref_addr);
 +  /* XXXX MOVE */
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodelist_get_list(), const node_t *, node) {
 +    if (!node->is_running || !node->is_valid)
 +      continue;
 +    if (need_desc && !node_has_preferred_descriptor(node, direct_conn))
 +      continue;
 +    if (node->ri && node->ri->purpose != ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL)
 +      continue;
 +    if (node_is_unreliable(node, need_uptime, need_capacity, need_guard))
 +      continue;
 +    /* Don't choose nodes if we are certain they can't do EXTEND2 cells */
 +    if (node->rs && !routerstatus_version_supports_extend2_cells(node->rs, 1))
 +      continue;
 +    /* Don't choose nodes if we are certain they can't do ntor. */
 +    if ((node->ri || node->md) && !node_has_curve25519_onion_key(node))
 +      continue;
 +    /* Choose a node with an OR address that matches the firewall rules */
 +    if (direct_conn && check_reach &&
 +        !fascist_firewall_allows_node(node,
 +                                      FIREWALL_OR_CONNECTION,
 +                                      pref_addr))
 +      continue;
 +
 +    smartlist_add(sl, (void *)node);
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node);
 +}
 +
 +/** Look through the routerlist until we find a router that has my key.
 + Return it. */
 +const routerinfo_t *
 +routerlist_find_my_routerinfo(void)
 +{
 +  if (!routerlist)
 +    return NULL;
 +
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, router,
 +  {
 +    if (router_is_me(router))
 +      return router;
 +  });
 +  return NULL;
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the smaller of the router's configured BandwidthRate
 + * and its advertised capacity. */
 +uint32_t
 +router_get_advertised_bandwidth(const routerinfo_t *router)
 +{
 +  if (router->bandwidthcapacity < router->bandwidthrate)
 +    return router->bandwidthcapacity;
 +  return router->bandwidthrate;
 +}
 +
 +/** Do not weight any declared bandwidth more than this much when picking
 + * routers by bandwidth. */
 +#define DEFAULT_MAX_BELIEVABLE_BANDWIDTH 10000000 /* 10 MB/sec */
 +
 +/** Return the smaller of the router's configured BandwidthRate
 + * and its advertised capacity, capped by max-believe-bw. */
 +uint32_t
 +router_get_advertised_bandwidth_capped(const routerinfo_t *router)
 +{
 +  uint32_t result = router->bandwidthcapacity;
 +  if (result > router->bandwidthrate)
 +    result = router->bandwidthrate;
 +  if (result > DEFAULT_MAX_BELIEVABLE_BANDWIDTH)
 +    result = DEFAULT_MAX_BELIEVABLE_BANDWIDTH;
 +  return result;
 +}
 +
 +/** Helper: given an extended nickname in <b>hexdigest</b> try to decode it.
 + * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.  Store the result into the
 + * DIGEST_LEN-byte buffer at <b>digest_out</b>, the single character at
 + * <b>nickname_qualifier_char_out</b>, and the MAXNICKNAME_LEN+1-byte buffer
 + * at <b>nickname_out</b>.
 + *
 + * The recognized format is:
 + *   HexName = Dollar? HexDigest NamePart?
 + *   Dollar = '?'
 + *   HexDigest = HexChar*20
 + *   HexChar = 'a'..'f' | 'A'..'F' | '0'..'9'
 + *   NamePart = QualChar Name
 + *   QualChar = '=' | '~'
 + *   Name = NameChar*(1..MAX_NICKNAME_LEN)
 + *   NameChar = Any ASCII alphanumeric character
 + */
 +int
 +hex_digest_nickname_decode(const char *hexdigest,
 +                           char *digest_out,
 +                           char *nickname_qualifier_char_out,
 +                           char *nickname_out)
 +{
 +  size_t len;
 +
 +  tor_assert(hexdigest);
 +  if (hexdigest[0] == '$')
 +    ++hexdigest;
 +
 +  len = strlen(hexdigest);
 +  if (len < HEX_DIGEST_LEN) {
 +    return -1;
 +  } else if (len > HEX_DIGEST_LEN && (hexdigest[HEX_DIGEST_LEN] == '=' ||
 +                                    hexdigest[HEX_DIGEST_LEN] == '~') &&
 +           len <= HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1+MAX_NICKNAME_LEN) {
 +    *nickname_qualifier_char_out = hexdigest[HEX_DIGEST_LEN];
 +    strlcpy(nickname_out, hexdigest+HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1 , MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1);
 +  } else if (len == HEX_DIGEST_LEN) {
 +    ;
 +  } else {
 +    return -1;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (base16_decode(digest_out, DIGEST_LEN,
 +                    hexdigest, HEX_DIGEST_LEN) != DIGEST_LEN)
 +    return -1;
 +  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/** Helper: Return true iff the <b>identity_digest</b> and <b>nickname</b>
 + * combination of a router, encoded in hexadecimal, matches <b>hexdigest</b>
 + * (which is optionally prefixed with a single dollar sign).  Return false if
 + * <b>hexdigest</b> is malformed, or it doesn't match.  */
 +int
 +hex_digest_nickname_matches(const char *hexdigest, const char *identity_digest,
 +                            const char *nickname)
 +{
 +  char digest[DIGEST_LEN];
 +  char nn_char='\0';
 +  char nn_buf[MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+1];
 +
 +  if (hex_digest_nickname_decode(hexdigest, digest, &nn_char, nn_buf) == -1)
 +    return 0;
 +
 +  if (nn_char == '=') {
 +    return 0;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (nn_char == '~') {
 +    if (!nickname)     // XXX This seems wrong. -NM
 +      return 0;
 +    if (strcasecmp(nn_buf, nickname))
 +      return 0;
 +  }
 +
 +  return tor_memeq(digest, identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +}
 +
 +/** If hexdigest is correctly formed, base16_decode it into
 + * digest, which must have DIGEST_LEN space in it.
 + * Return 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 + */
 +int
 +hexdigest_to_digest(const char *hexdigest, char *digest)
 +{
 +  if (hexdigest[0]=='$')
 +    ++hexdigest;
 +  if (strlen(hexdigest) < HEX_DIGEST_LEN ||
 +      base16_decode(digest,DIGEST_LEN,hexdigest,HEX_DIGEST_LEN) != DIGEST_LEN)
 +    return -1;
 +  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/** As router_get_by_id_digest,but return a pointer that you're allowed to
 + * modify */
 +routerinfo_t *
 +router_get_mutable_by_digest(const char *digest)
 +{
 +  tor_assert(digest);
 +
 +  if (!routerlist) return NULL;
 +
 +  // routerlist_assert_ok(routerlist);
 +
 +  return rimap_get(routerlist->identity_map, digest);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the router in our routerlist whose 20-byte key digest
 + * is <b>digest</b>.  Return NULL if no such router is known. */
 +const routerinfo_t *
 +router_get_by_id_digest(const char *digest)
 +{
 +  return router_get_mutable_by_digest(digest);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the router in our routerlist whose 20-byte descriptor
 + * is <b>digest</b>.  Return NULL if no such router is known. */
 +signed_descriptor_t *
 +router_get_by_descriptor_digest(const char *digest)
 +{
 +  tor_assert(digest);
 +
 +  if (!routerlist) return NULL;
 +
 +  return sdmap_get(routerlist->desc_digest_map, digest);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the signed descriptor for the router in our routerlist whose
 + * 20-byte extra-info digest is <b>digest</b>.  Return NULL if no such router
 + * is known. */
 +MOCK_IMPL(signed_descriptor_t *,
 +router_get_by_extrainfo_digest,(const char *digest))
 +{
 +  tor_assert(digest);
 +
 +  if (!routerlist) return NULL;
 +
 +  return sdmap_get(routerlist->desc_by_eid_map, digest);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the signed descriptor for the extrainfo_t in our routerlist whose
 + * extra-info-digest is <b>digest</b>. Return NULL if no such extra-info
 + * document is known. */
 +MOCK_IMPL(signed_descriptor_t *,
 +extrainfo_get_by_descriptor_digest,(const char *digest))
 +{
 +  extrainfo_t *ei;
 +  tor_assert(digest);
 +  if (!routerlist) return NULL;
 +  ei = eimap_get(routerlist->extra_info_map, digest);
 +  return ei ? &ei->cache_info : NULL;
 +}
 +
 +/** Return a pointer to the signed textual representation of a descriptor.
 + * The returned string is not guaranteed to be NUL-terminated: the string's
 + * length will be in desc-\>signed_descriptor_len.
 + *
 + * If <b>with_annotations</b> is set, the returned string will include
 + * the annotations
 + * (if any) preceding the descriptor.  This will increase the length of the
 + * string by desc-\>annotations_len.
 + *
 + * The caller must not free the string returned.
 + */
 +static const char *
 +signed_descriptor_get_body_impl(const signed_descriptor_t *desc,
 +                                int with_annotations)
 +{
 +  const char *r = NULL;
 +  size_t len = desc->signed_descriptor_len;
 +  off_t offset = desc->saved_offset;
 +  if (with_annotations)
 +    len += desc->annotations_len;
 +  else
 +    offset += desc->annotations_len;
 +
 +  tor_assert(len > 32);
 +  if (desc->saved_location == SAVED_IN_CACHE && routerlist) {
 +    desc_store_t *store = desc_get_store(router_get_routerlist(), desc);
 +    if (store && store->mmap) {
 +      tor_assert(desc->saved_offset + len <= store->mmap->size);
 +      r = store->mmap->data + offset;
 +    } else if (store) {
 +      log_err(LD_DIR, "We couldn't read a descriptor that is supposedly "
 +              "mmaped in our cache.  Is another process running in our data "
 +              "directory?  Exiting.");
 +      exit(1); // XXXX bad exit: should recover.
 +    }
 +  }
 +  if (!r) /* no mmap, or not in cache. */
 +    r = desc->signed_descriptor_body +
 +      (with_annotations ? 0 : desc->annotations_len);
 +
 +  tor_assert(r);
 +  if (!with_annotations) {
 +    if (fast_memcmp("router ", r, 7) && fast_memcmp("extra-info ", r, 11)) {
 +      char *cp = tor_strndup(r, 64);
 +      log_err(LD_DIR, "descriptor at %p begins with unexpected string %s.  "
 +              "Is another process running in our data directory?  Exiting.",
 +              desc, escaped(cp));
 +      exit(1); // XXXX bad exit: should recover.
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  return r;
 +}
 +
 +/** Return a pointer to the signed textual representation of a descriptor.
 + * The returned string is not guaranteed to be NUL-terminated: the string's
 + * length will be in desc-\>signed_descriptor_len.
 + *
 + * The caller must not free the string returned.
 + */
 +const char *
 +signed_descriptor_get_body(const signed_descriptor_t *desc)
 +{
 +  return signed_descriptor_get_body_impl(desc, 0);
 +}
 +
 +/** As signed_descriptor_get_body(), but points to the beginning of the
 + * annotations section rather than the beginning of the descriptor. */
 +const char *
 +signed_descriptor_get_annotations(const signed_descriptor_t *desc)
 +{
 +  return signed_descriptor_get_body_impl(desc, 1);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the current list of all known routers. */
 +routerlist_t *
 +router_get_routerlist(void)
 +{
 +  if (PREDICT_UNLIKELY(!routerlist)) {
 +    routerlist = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(routerlist_t));
 +    routerlist->routers = smartlist_new();
 +    routerlist->old_routers = smartlist_new();
 +    routerlist->identity_map = rimap_new();
 +    routerlist->desc_digest_map = sdmap_new();
 +    routerlist->desc_by_eid_map = sdmap_new();
 +    routerlist->extra_info_map = eimap_new();
 +
 +    routerlist->desc_store.fname_base = "cached-descriptors";
 +    routerlist->extrainfo_store.fname_base = "cached-extrainfo";
 +
 +    routerlist->desc_store.type = ROUTER_STORE;
 +    routerlist->extrainfo_store.type = EXTRAINFO_STORE;
 +
 +    routerlist->desc_store.description = "router descriptors";
 +    routerlist->extrainfo_store.description = "extra-info documents";
 +  }
 +  return routerlist;
 +}
 +
 +/** Free all storage held by <b>router</b>. */
 +void
 +routerinfo_free_(routerinfo_t *router)
 +{
 +  if (!router)
 +    return;
 +
 +  tor_free(router->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body);
 +  tor_free(router->nickname);
 +  tor_free(router->platform);
 +  tor_free(router->protocol_list);
 +  tor_free(router->contact_info);
 +  if (router->onion_pkey)
 +    tor_free(router->onion_pkey);
 +  tor_free(router->onion_curve25519_pkey);
 +  if (router->identity_pkey)
 +    crypto_pk_free(router->identity_pkey);
 +  tor_cert_free(router->cache_info.signing_key_cert);
 +  if (router->declared_family) {
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(router->declared_family, char *, s, tor_free(s));
 +    smartlist_free(router->declared_family);
 +  }
 +  addr_policy_list_free(router->exit_policy);
 +  short_policy_free(router->ipv6_exit_policy);
 +
 +  memset(router, 77, sizeof(routerinfo_t));
 +
 +  tor_free(router);
 +}
 +
 +/** Release all storage held by <b>extrainfo</b> */
 +void
 +extrainfo_free_(extrainfo_t *extrainfo)
 +{
 +  if (!extrainfo)
 +    return;
 +  tor_cert_free(extrainfo->cache_info.signing_key_cert);
 +  tor_free(extrainfo->cache_info.signed_descriptor_body);
 +  tor_free(extrainfo->pending_sig);
 +
 +  memset(extrainfo, 88, sizeof(extrainfo_t)); /* debug bad memory usage */
 +  tor_free(extrainfo);
 +}
 +
 +#define signed_descriptor_free(val) \
 +  FREE_AND_NULL(signed_descriptor_t, signed_descriptor_free_, (val))
 +
 +/** Release storage held by <b>sd</b>. */
 +static void
 +signed_descriptor_free_(signed_descriptor_t *sd)
 +{
 +  if (!sd)
 +    return;
 +
 +  tor_free(sd->signed_descriptor_body);
 +  tor_cert_free(sd->signing_key_cert);
 +
 +  memset(sd, 99, sizeof(signed_descriptor_t)); /* Debug bad mem usage */
 +  tor_free(sd);
 +}
 +
 +/** Reset the given signed descriptor <b>sd</b> by freeing the allocated
 + * memory inside the object and by zeroing its content. */
 +static void
 +signed_descriptor_reset(signed_descriptor_t *sd)
 +{
 +  tor_assert(sd);
 +  tor_free(sd->signed_descriptor_body);
 +  tor_cert_free(sd->signing_key_cert);
 +  memset(sd, 0, sizeof(*sd));
 +}
 +
 +/** Copy src into dest, and steal all references inside src so that when
 + * we free src, we don't mess up dest. */
 +static void
 +signed_descriptor_move(signed_descriptor_t *dest,
 +                       signed_descriptor_t *src)
 +{
 +  tor_assert(dest != src);
 +  /* Cleanup destination object before overwriting it.*/
 +  signed_descriptor_reset(dest);
 +  memcpy(dest, src, sizeof(signed_descriptor_t));
 +  src->signed_descriptor_body = NULL;
 +  src->signing_key_cert = NULL;
 +  dest->routerlist_index = -1;
 +}
 +
 +/** Extract a signed_descriptor_t from a general routerinfo, and free the
 + * routerinfo.
 + */
 +static signed_descriptor_t *
 +signed_descriptor_from_routerinfo(routerinfo_t *ri)
 +{
 +  signed_descriptor_t *sd;
 +  tor_assert(ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL);
 +  sd = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(signed_descriptor_t));
 +  signed_descriptor_move(sd, &ri->cache_info);
 +  routerinfo_free(ri);
 +  return sd;
 +}
 +
 +/** Helper: free the storage held by the extrainfo_t in <b>e</b>. */
 +static void
 +extrainfo_free_void(void *e)
 +{
 +  extrainfo_free_(e);
 +}
 +
 +/** Free all storage held by a routerlist <b>rl</b>. */
 +void
 +routerlist_free_(routerlist_t *rl)
 +{
 +  if (!rl)
 +    return;
 +  rimap_free(rl->identity_map, NULL);
 +  sdmap_free(rl->desc_digest_map, NULL);
 +  sdmap_free(rl->desc_by_eid_map, NULL);
 +  eimap_free(rl->extra_info_map, extrainfo_free_void);
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, r,
 +                    routerinfo_free(r));
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->old_routers, signed_descriptor_t *, sd,
 +                    signed_descriptor_free(sd));
 +  smartlist_free(rl->routers);
 +  smartlist_free(rl->old_routers);
 +  if (rl->desc_store.mmap) {
 +    int res = tor_munmap_file(routerlist->desc_store.mmap);
 +    if (res != 0) {
 +      log_warn(LD_FS, "Failed to munmap routerlist->desc_store.mmap");
 +    }
 +  }
 +  if (rl->extrainfo_store.mmap) {
 +    int res = tor_munmap_file(routerlist->extrainfo_store.mmap);
 +    if (res != 0) {
 +      log_warn(LD_FS, "Failed to munmap routerlist->extrainfo_store.mmap");
 +    }
 +  }
 +  tor_free(rl);
 +
 +  router_dir_info_changed();
 +}
 +
 +/** Log information about how much memory is being used for routerlist,
 + * at log level <b>severity</b>. */
 +void
 +dump_routerlist_mem_usage(int severity)
 +{
 +  uint64_t livedescs = 0;
 +  uint64_t olddescs = 0;
 +  if (!routerlist)
 +    return;
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, r,
 +                    livedescs += r->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len);
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->old_routers, signed_descriptor_t *, sd,
 +                    olddescs += sd->signed_descriptor_len);
 +
 +  tor_log(severity, LD_DIR,
 +      "In %d live descriptors: %"PRIu64" bytes.  "
 +      "In %d old descriptors: %"PRIu64" bytes.",
 +      smartlist_len(routerlist->routers), (livedescs),
 +      smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers), (olddescs));
 +}
 +
 +/** Debugging helper: If <b>idx</b> is nonnegative, assert that <b>ri</b> is
 + * in <b>sl</b> at position <b>idx</b>. Otherwise, search <b>sl</b> for
 + * <b>ri</b>.  Return the index of <b>ri</b> in <b>sl</b>, or -1 if <b>ri</b>
 + * is not in <b>sl</b>. */
 +static inline int
 +routerlist_find_elt_(smartlist_t *sl, void *ri, int idx)
 +{
 +  if (idx < 0) {
 +    idx = -1;
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(sl, routerinfo_t *, r,
 +                      if (r == ri) {
 +                        idx = r_sl_idx;
 +                        break;
 +                      });
 +  } else {
 +    tor_assert(idx < smartlist_len(sl));
 +    tor_assert(smartlist_get(sl, idx) == ri);
 +  };
 +  return idx;
 +}
 +
 +/** Insert an item <b>ri</b> into the routerlist <b>rl</b>, updating indices
 + * as needed.  There must be no previous member of <b>rl</b> with the same
 + * identity digest as <b>ri</b>: If there is, call routerlist_replace
 + * instead.
 + */
 +static void
 +routerlist_insert(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri)
 +{
 +  routerinfo_t *ri_old;
 +  signed_descriptor_t *sd_old;
 +  {
 +    const routerinfo_t *ri_generated = router_get_my_routerinfo();
 +    tor_assert(ri_generated != ri);
 +  }
 +  tor_assert(ri->cache_info.routerlist_index == -1);
 +
 +  ri_old = rimap_set(rl->identity_map, ri->cache_info.identity_digest, ri);
 +  tor_assert(!ri_old);
 +
 +  sd_old = sdmap_set(rl->desc_digest_map,
 +                     ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                     &(ri->cache_info));
 +  if (sd_old) {
 +    int idx = sd_old->routerlist_index;
 +    sd_old->routerlist_index = -1;
 +    smartlist_del(rl->old_routers, idx);
 +    if (idx < smartlist_len(rl->old_routers)) {
 +       signed_descriptor_t *d = smartlist_get(rl->old_routers, idx);
 +       d->routerlist_index = idx;
 +    }
 +    rl->desc_store.bytes_dropped += sd_old->signed_descriptor_len;
 +    sdmap_remove(rl->desc_by_eid_map, sd_old->extra_info_digest);
 +    signed_descriptor_free(sd_old);
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!tor_digest_is_zero(ri->cache_info.extra_info_digest))
 +    sdmap_set(rl->desc_by_eid_map, ri->cache_info.extra_info_digest,
 +              &ri->cache_info);
 +  smartlist_add(rl->routers, ri);
 +  ri->cache_info.routerlist_index = smartlist_len(rl->routers) - 1;
 +  nodelist_set_routerinfo(ri, NULL);
 +  router_dir_info_changed();
 +#ifdef DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +/** Adds the extrainfo_t <b>ei</b> to the routerlist <b>rl</b>, if there is a
 + * corresponding router in rl-\>routers or rl-\>old_routers.  Return the status
 + * of inserting <b>ei</b>.  Free <b>ei</b> if it isn't inserted. */
 +MOCK_IMPL(STATIC was_router_added_t,
 +extrainfo_insert,(routerlist_t *rl, extrainfo_t *ei, int warn_if_incompatible))
 +{
 +  was_router_added_t r;
 +  const char *compatibility_error_msg;
 +  routerinfo_t *ri = rimap_get(rl->identity_map,
 +                               ei->cache_info.identity_digest);
 +  signed_descriptor_t *sd =
 +    sdmap_get(rl->desc_by_eid_map, ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest);
 +  extrainfo_t *ei_tmp;
 +  const int severity = warn_if_incompatible ? LOG_WARN : LOG_INFO;
 +
 +  {
 +    extrainfo_t *ei_generated = router_get_my_extrainfo();
 +    tor_assert(ei_generated != ei);
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!ri) {
 +    /* This router is unknown; we can't even verify the signature. Give up.*/
 +    r = ROUTER_NOT_IN_CONSENSUS;
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +  if (! sd) {
 +    /* The extrainfo router doesn't have a known routerdesc to attach it to.
 +     * This just won't work. */;
 +    static ratelim_t no_sd_ratelim = RATELIM_INIT(1800);
 +    r = ROUTER_BAD_EI;
 +    log_fn_ratelim(&no_sd_ratelim, severity, LD_BUG,
 +                   "No entry found in extrainfo map.");
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +  if (tor_memneq(ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                 sd->extra_info_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +    static ratelim_t digest_mismatch_ratelim = RATELIM_INIT(1800);
 +    /* The sd we got from the map doesn't match the digest we used to look
 +     * it up. This makes no sense. */
 +    r = ROUTER_BAD_EI;
 +    log_fn_ratelim(&digest_mismatch_ratelim, severity, LD_BUG,
 +                     "Mismatch in digest in extrainfo map.");
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +  if (routerinfo_incompatible_with_extrainfo(ri->identity_pkey, ei, sd,
 +                                             &compatibility_error_msg)) {
 +    char d1[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1], d2[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
 +    r = (ri->cache_info.extrainfo_is_bogus) ?
 +      ROUTER_BAD_EI : ROUTER_NOT_IN_CONSENSUS;
 +
 +    base16_encode(d1, sizeof(d1), ri->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +    base16_encode(d2, sizeof(d2), ei->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +
 +    log_fn(severity,LD_DIR,
 +           "router info incompatible with extra info (ri id: %s, ei id %s, "
 +           "reason: %s)", d1, d2, compatibility_error_msg);
 +
 +    goto done;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* Okay, if we make it here, we definitely have a router corresponding to
 +   * this extrainfo. */
 +
 +  ei_tmp = eimap_set(rl->extra_info_map,
 +                     ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                     ei);
 +  r = ROUTER_ADDED_SUCCESSFULLY;
 +  if (ei_tmp) {
 +    rl->extrainfo_store.bytes_dropped +=
 +      ei_tmp->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
 +    extrainfo_free(ei_tmp);
 +  }
 +
 + done:
 +  if (r != ROUTER_ADDED_SUCCESSFULLY)
 +    extrainfo_free(ei);
 +
 +#ifdef DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
 +#endif
 +  return r;
 +}
 +
 +#define should_cache_old_descriptors() \
 +  directory_caches_dir_info(get_options())
 +
 +/** If we're a directory cache and routerlist <b>rl</b> doesn't have
 + * a copy of router <b>ri</b> yet, add it to the list of old (not
 + * recommended but still served) descriptors. Else free it. */
 +static void
 +routerlist_insert_old(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri)
 +{
 +  {
 +    const routerinfo_t *ri_generated = router_get_my_routerinfo();
 +    tor_assert(ri_generated != ri);
 +  }
 +  tor_assert(ri->cache_info.routerlist_index == -1);
 +
 +  if (should_cache_old_descriptors() &&
 +      ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL &&
 +      !sdmap_get(rl->desc_digest_map,
 +                 ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest)) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *sd = signed_descriptor_from_routerinfo(ri);
 +    sdmap_set(rl->desc_digest_map, sd->signed_descriptor_digest, sd);
 +    smartlist_add(rl->old_routers, sd);
 +    sd->routerlist_index = smartlist_len(rl->old_routers)-1;
 +    if (!tor_digest_is_zero(sd->extra_info_digest))
 +      sdmap_set(rl->desc_by_eid_map, sd->extra_info_digest, sd);
 +  } else {
 +    routerinfo_free(ri);
 +  }
 +#ifdef DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +/** Remove an item <b>ri</b> from the routerlist <b>rl</b>, updating indices
 + * as needed. If <b>idx</b> is nonnegative and smartlist_get(rl->routers,
 + * idx) == ri, we don't need to do a linear search over the list to decide
 + * which to remove.  We fill the gap in rl->routers with a later element in
 + * the list, if any exists. <b>ri</b> is freed.
 + *
 + * If <b>make_old</b> is true, instead of deleting the router, we try adding
 + * it to rl->old_routers. */
 +void
 +routerlist_remove(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri, int make_old, time_t now)
 +{
 +  routerinfo_t *ri_tmp;
 +  extrainfo_t *ei_tmp;
 +  int idx = ri->cache_info.routerlist_index;
 +  tor_assert(0 <= idx && idx < smartlist_len(rl->routers));
 +  tor_assert(smartlist_get(rl->routers, idx) == ri);
 +
 +  nodelist_remove_routerinfo(ri);
 +
 +  /* make sure the rephist module knows that it's not running */
 +  rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(ri->cache_info.identity_digest, now);
 +
 +  ri->cache_info.routerlist_index = -1;
 +  smartlist_del(rl->routers, idx);
 +  if (idx < smartlist_len(rl->routers)) {
 +    routerinfo_t *r = smartlist_get(rl->routers, idx);
 +    r->cache_info.routerlist_index = idx;
 +  }
 +
 +  ri_tmp = rimap_remove(rl->identity_map, ri->cache_info.identity_digest);
 +  router_dir_info_changed();
 +  tor_assert(ri_tmp == ri);
 +
 +  if (make_old && should_cache_old_descriptors() &&
 +      ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *sd;
 +    sd = signed_descriptor_from_routerinfo(ri);
 +    smartlist_add(rl->old_routers, sd);
 +    sd->routerlist_index = smartlist_len(rl->old_routers)-1;
 +    sdmap_set(rl->desc_digest_map, sd->signed_descriptor_digest, sd);
 +    if (!tor_digest_is_zero(sd->extra_info_digest))
 +      sdmap_set(rl->desc_by_eid_map, sd->extra_info_digest, sd);
 +  } else {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *sd_tmp;
 +    sd_tmp = sdmap_remove(rl->desc_digest_map,
 +                          ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest);
 +    tor_assert(sd_tmp == &(ri->cache_info));
 +    rl->desc_store.bytes_dropped += ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
 +    ei_tmp = eimap_remove(rl->extra_info_map,
 +                          ri->cache_info.extra_info_digest);
 +    if (ei_tmp) {
 +      rl->extrainfo_store.bytes_dropped +=
 +        ei_tmp->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
 +      extrainfo_free(ei_tmp);
 +    }
 +    if (!tor_digest_is_zero(ri->cache_info.extra_info_digest))
 +      sdmap_remove(rl->desc_by_eid_map, ri->cache_info.extra_info_digest);
 +    routerinfo_free(ri);
 +  }
 +#ifdef DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +/** Remove a signed_descriptor_t <b>sd</b> from <b>rl</b>-\>old_routers, and
 + * adjust <b>rl</b> as appropriate.  <b>idx</b> is -1, or the index of
 + * <b>sd</b>. */
 +static void
 +routerlist_remove_old(routerlist_t *rl, signed_descriptor_t *sd, int idx)
 +{
 +  signed_descriptor_t *sd_tmp;
 +  extrainfo_t *ei_tmp;
 +  desc_store_t *store;
 +  if (idx == -1) {
 +    idx = sd->routerlist_index;
 +  }
 +  tor_assert(0 <= idx && idx < smartlist_len(rl->old_routers));
 +  /* XXXX edmanm's bridge relay triggered the following assert while
 +   * running 0.2.0.12-alpha.  If anybody triggers this again, see if we
 +   * can get a backtrace. */
 +  tor_assert(smartlist_get(rl->old_routers, idx) == sd);
 +  tor_assert(idx == sd->routerlist_index);
 +
 +  sd->routerlist_index = -1;
 +  smartlist_del(rl->old_routers, idx);
 +  if (idx < smartlist_len(rl->old_routers)) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *d = smartlist_get(rl->old_routers, idx);
 +    d->routerlist_index = idx;
 +  }
 +  sd_tmp = sdmap_remove(rl->desc_digest_map,
 +                        sd->signed_descriptor_digest);
 +  tor_assert(sd_tmp == sd);
 +  store = desc_get_store(rl, sd);
 +  if (store)
 +    store->bytes_dropped += sd->signed_descriptor_len;
 +
 +  ei_tmp = eimap_remove(rl->extra_info_map,
 +                        sd->extra_info_digest);
 +  if (ei_tmp) {
 +    rl->extrainfo_store.bytes_dropped +=
 +      ei_tmp->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
 +    extrainfo_free(ei_tmp);
 +  }
 +  if (!tor_digest_is_zero(sd->extra_info_digest))
 +    sdmap_remove(rl->desc_by_eid_map, sd->extra_info_digest);
 +
 +  signed_descriptor_free(sd);
 +#ifdef DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +/** Remove <b>ri_old</b> from the routerlist <b>rl</b>, and replace it with
 + * <b>ri_new</b>, updating all index info.  If <b>idx</b> is nonnegative and
 + * smartlist_get(rl->routers, idx) == ri, we don't need to do a linear
 + * search over the list to decide which to remove.  We put ri_new in the same
 + * index as ri_old, if possible.  ri is freed as appropriate.
 + *
 + * If should_cache_descriptors() is true, instead of deleting the router,
 + * we add it to rl->old_routers. */
 +static void
 +routerlist_replace(routerlist_t *rl, routerinfo_t *ri_old,
 +                   routerinfo_t *ri_new)
 +{
 +  int idx;
 +  int same_descriptors;
 +
 +  routerinfo_t *ri_tmp;
 +  extrainfo_t *ei_tmp;
 +  {
 +    const routerinfo_t *ri_generated = router_get_my_routerinfo();
 +    tor_assert(ri_generated != ri_new);
 +  }
 +  tor_assert(ri_old != ri_new);
 +  tor_assert(ri_new->cache_info.routerlist_index == -1);
 +
 +  idx = ri_old->cache_info.routerlist_index;
 +  tor_assert(0 <= idx && idx < smartlist_len(rl->routers));
 +  tor_assert(smartlist_get(rl->routers, idx) == ri_old);
 +
 +  {
 +    routerinfo_t *ri_old_tmp=NULL;
 +    nodelist_set_routerinfo(ri_new, &ri_old_tmp);
 +    tor_assert(ri_old == ri_old_tmp);
 +  }
 +
 +  router_dir_info_changed();
 +  if (idx >= 0) {
 +    smartlist_set(rl->routers, idx, ri_new);
 +    ri_old->cache_info.routerlist_index = -1;
 +    ri_new->cache_info.routerlist_index = idx;
 +    /* Check that ri_old is not in rl->routers anymore: */
 +    tor_assert( routerlist_find_elt_(rl->routers, ri_old, -1) == -1 );
 +  } else {
 +    log_warn(LD_BUG, "Appending entry from routerlist_replace.");
 +    routerlist_insert(rl, ri_new);
 +    return;
 +  }
 +  if (tor_memneq(ri_old->cache_info.identity_digest,
 +             ri_new->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +    /* digests don't match; digestmap_set won't replace */
 +    rimap_remove(rl->identity_map, ri_old->cache_info.identity_digest);
 +  }
 +  ri_tmp = rimap_set(rl->identity_map,
 +                     ri_new->cache_info.identity_digest, ri_new);
 +  tor_assert(!ri_tmp || ri_tmp == ri_old);
 +  sdmap_set(rl->desc_digest_map,
 +            ri_new->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +            &(ri_new->cache_info));
 +
 +  if (!tor_digest_is_zero(ri_new->cache_info.extra_info_digest)) {
 +    sdmap_set(rl->desc_by_eid_map, ri_new->cache_info.extra_info_digest,
 +              &ri_new->cache_info);
 +  }
 +
 +  same_descriptors = tor_memeq(ri_old->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                              ri_new->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                              DIGEST_LEN);
 +
 +  if (should_cache_old_descriptors() &&
 +      ri_old->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL &&
 +      !same_descriptors) {
 +    /* ri_old is going to become a signed_descriptor_t and go into
 +     * old_routers */
 +    signed_descriptor_t *sd = signed_descriptor_from_routerinfo(ri_old);
 +    smartlist_add(rl->old_routers, sd);
 +    sd->routerlist_index = smartlist_len(rl->old_routers)-1;
 +    sdmap_set(rl->desc_digest_map, sd->signed_descriptor_digest, sd);
 +    if (!tor_digest_is_zero(sd->extra_info_digest))
 +      sdmap_set(rl->desc_by_eid_map, sd->extra_info_digest, sd);
 +  } else {
 +    /* We're dropping ri_old. */
 +    if (!same_descriptors) {
 +      /* digests don't match; The sdmap_set above didn't replace */
 +      sdmap_remove(rl->desc_digest_map,
 +                   ri_old->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest);
 +
 +      if (tor_memneq(ri_old->cache_info.extra_info_digest,
 +                 ri_new->cache_info.extra_info_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +        ei_tmp = eimap_remove(rl->extra_info_map,
 +                              ri_old->cache_info.extra_info_digest);
 +        if (ei_tmp) {
 +          rl->extrainfo_store.bytes_dropped +=
 +            ei_tmp->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
 +          extrainfo_free(ei_tmp);
 +        }
 +      }
 +
 +      if (!tor_digest_is_zero(ri_old->cache_info.extra_info_digest)) {
 +        sdmap_remove(rl->desc_by_eid_map,
 +                     ri_old->cache_info.extra_info_digest);
 +      }
 +    }
 +    rl->desc_store.bytes_dropped += ri_old->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len;
 +    routerinfo_free(ri_old);
 +  }
 +#ifdef DEBUG_ROUTERLIST
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
 +#endif
 +}
 +
 +/** Extract the descriptor <b>sd</b> from old_routerlist, and re-parse
 + * it as a fresh routerinfo_t. */
 +static routerinfo_t *
 +routerlist_reparse_old(routerlist_t *rl, signed_descriptor_t *sd)
 +{
 +  routerinfo_t *ri;
 +  const char *body;
 +
 +  body = signed_descriptor_get_annotations(sd);
 +
 +  ri = router_parse_entry_from_string(body,
 +                         body+sd->signed_descriptor_len+sd->annotations_len,
 +                         0, 1, NULL, NULL);
 +  if (!ri)
 +    return NULL;
 +  signed_descriptor_move(&ri->cache_info, sd);
 +
 +  routerlist_remove_old(rl, sd, -1);
 +
 +  return ri;
 +}
 +
 +/** Free all memory held by the routerlist module.
 + * Note: Calling routerlist_free_all() should always be paired with
 + * a call to nodelist_free_all(). These should only be called during
 + * cleanup.
 + */
 +void
 +routerlist_free_all(void)
 +{
 +  routerlist_free(routerlist);
 +  routerlist = NULL;
 +  dirlist_free_all();
 +  if (warned_nicknames) {
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(warned_nicknames, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
 +    smartlist_free(warned_nicknames);
 +    warned_nicknames = NULL;
 +  }
 +  authcert_free_all();
 +}
 +
 +/** Forget that we have issued any router-related warnings, so that we'll
 + * warn again if we see the same errors. */
 +void
 +routerlist_reset_warnings(void)
 +{
 +  if (!warned_nicknames)
 +    warned_nicknames = smartlist_new();
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(warned_nicknames, char *, cp, tor_free(cp));
 +  smartlist_clear(warned_nicknames); /* now the list is empty. */
 +
 +  networkstatus_reset_warnings();
 +}
 +
 +/** Return 1 if the signed descriptor of this router is older than
 + *  <b>seconds</b> seconds.  Otherwise return 0. */
 +MOCK_IMPL(int,
 +router_descriptor_is_older_than,(const routerinfo_t *router, int seconds))
 +{
 +  return router->cache_info.published_on < approx_time() - seconds;
 +}
 +
 +/** Add <b>router</b> to the routerlist, if we don't already have it.  Replace
 + * older entries (if any) with the same key.  Note: Callers should not hold
 + * their pointers to <b>router</b> if this function fails; <b>router</b>
 + * will either be inserted into the routerlist or freed. Similarly, even
 + * if this call succeeds, they should not hold their pointers to
 + * <b>router</b> after subsequent calls with other routerinfo's -- they
 + * might cause the original routerinfo to get freed.
 + *
 + * Returns the status for the operation. Might set *<b>msg</b> if it wants
 + * the poster of the router to know something.
 + *
 + * If <b>from_cache</b>, this descriptor came from our disk cache. If
 + * <b>from_fetch</b>, we received it in response to a request we made.
 + * (If both are false, that means it was uploaded to us as an auth dir
 + * server or via the controller.)
 + *
 + * This function should be called *after*
 + * routers_update_status_from_consensus_networkstatus; subsequently, you
 + * should call router_rebuild_store and routerlist_descriptors_added.
 + */
 +was_router_added_t
 +router_add_to_routerlist(routerinfo_t *router, const char **msg,
 +                         int from_cache, int from_fetch)
 +{
 +  const char *id_digest;
 +  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 +  int authdir = authdir_mode_handles_descs(options, router->purpose);
 +  int authdir_believes_valid = 0;
 +  routerinfo_t *old_router;
 +  networkstatus_t *consensus =
 +    networkstatus_get_latest_consensus_by_flavor(FLAV_NS);
 +  int in_consensus = 0;
 +
 +  tor_assert(msg);
 +
 +  if (!routerlist)
 +    router_get_routerlist();
 +
 +  id_digest = router->cache_info.identity_digest;
 +
 +  old_router = router_get_mutable_by_digest(id_digest);
 +
 +  /* Make sure that it isn't expired. */
 +  if (router->cert_expiration_time < approx_time()) {
 +    routerinfo_free(router);
 +    *msg = "Some certs on this router are expired.";
 +    return ROUTER_CERTS_EXPIRED;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* Make sure that we haven't already got this exact descriptor. */
 +  if (sdmap_get(routerlist->desc_digest_map,
 +                router->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest)) {
 +    /* If we have this descriptor already and the new descriptor is a bridge
 +     * descriptor, replace it. If we had a bridge descriptor before and the
 +     * new one is not a bridge descriptor, don't replace it. */
 +
 +    /* Only members of routerlist->identity_map can be bridges; we don't
 +     * put bridges in old_routers. */
 +    const int was_bridge = old_router &&
 +      old_router->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE;
 +
 +    if (routerinfo_is_a_configured_bridge(router) &&
 +        router->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE &&
 +        !was_bridge) {
 +      log_info(LD_DIR, "Replacing non-bridge descriptor with bridge "
 +               "descriptor for router %s",
 +               router_describe(router));
 +    } else {
 +      log_info(LD_DIR,
 +               "Dropping descriptor that we already have for router %s",
 +               router_describe(router));
 +      *msg = "Router descriptor was not new.";
 +      routerinfo_free(router);
 +      return ROUTER_IS_ALREADY_KNOWN;
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  if (authdir) {
 +    if (authdir_wants_to_reject_router(router, msg,
 +                                       !from_cache && !from_fetch,
 +                                       &authdir_believes_valid)) {
 +      tor_assert(*msg);
 +      routerinfo_free(router);
 +      return ROUTER_AUTHDIR_REJECTS;
 +    }
 +  } else if (from_fetch) {
 +    /* Only check the descriptor digest against the network statuses when
 +     * we are receiving in response to a fetch. */
 +
 +    if (!signed_desc_digest_is_recognized(&router->cache_info) &&
 +        !routerinfo_is_a_configured_bridge(router)) {
 +      /* We asked for it, so some networkstatus must have listed it when we
 +       * did.  Save it if we're a cache in case somebody else asks for it. */
 +      log_info(LD_DIR,
 +               "Received a no-longer-recognized descriptor for router %s",
 +               router_describe(router));
 +      *msg = "Router descriptor is not referenced by any network-status.";
 +
 +      /* Only journal this desc if we want to keep old descriptors */
 +      if (!from_cache && should_cache_old_descriptors())
 +        signed_desc_append_to_journal(&router->cache_info,
 +                                      &routerlist->desc_store);
 +      routerlist_insert_old(routerlist, router);
 +      return ROUTER_NOT_IN_CONSENSUS_OR_NETWORKSTATUS;
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  /* We no longer need a router with this descriptor digest. */
 +  if (consensus) {
 +    routerstatus_t *rs = networkstatus_vote_find_mutable_entry(
 +                                                     consensus, id_digest);
 +    if (rs && tor_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest,
 +                      router->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                      DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +      in_consensus = 1;
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  if (router->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL &&
 +      consensus && !in_consensus && !authdir) {
 +    /* If it's a general router not listed in the consensus, then don't
 +     * consider replacing the latest router with it. */
 +    if (!from_cache && should_cache_old_descriptors())
 +      signed_desc_append_to_journal(&router->cache_info,
 +                                    &routerlist->desc_store);
 +    routerlist_insert_old(routerlist, router);
 +    *msg = "Skipping router descriptor: not in consensus.";
 +    return ROUTER_NOT_IN_CONSENSUS;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* If we're reading a bridge descriptor from our cache, and we don't
 +   * recognize it as one of our currently configured bridges, drop the
 +   * descriptor. Otherwise we could end up using it as one of our entry
 +   * guards even if it isn't in our Bridge config lines. */
 +  if (router->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE && from_cache &&
 +      !authdir_mode_bridge(options) &&
 +      !routerinfo_is_a_configured_bridge(router)) {
 +    log_info(LD_DIR, "Dropping bridge descriptor for %s because we have "
 +             "no bridge configured at that address.",
 +             safe_str_client(router_describe(router)));
 +    *msg = "Router descriptor was not a configured bridge.";
 +    routerinfo_free(router);
 +    return ROUTER_WAS_NOT_WANTED;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* If we have a router with the same identity key, choose the newer one. */
 +  if (old_router) {
 +    if (!in_consensus && (router->cache_info.published_on <=
 +                          old_router->cache_info.published_on)) {
 +      /* Same key, but old.  This one is not listed in the consensus. */
 +      log_debug(LD_DIR, "Not-new descriptor for router %s",
 +                router_describe(router));
 +      /* Only journal this desc if we'll be serving it. */
 +      if (!from_cache && should_cache_old_descriptors())
 +        signed_desc_append_to_journal(&router->cache_info,
 +                                      &routerlist->desc_store);
 +      routerlist_insert_old(routerlist, router);
 +      *msg = "Router descriptor was not new.";
 +      return ROUTER_IS_ALREADY_KNOWN;
 +    } else {
 +      /* Same key, and either new, or listed in the consensus. */
 +      log_debug(LD_DIR, "Replacing entry for router %s",
 +                router_describe(router));
 +      routerlist_replace(routerlist, old_router, router);
 +      if (!from_cache) {
 +        signed_desc_append_to_journal(&router->cache_info,
 +                                      &routerlist->desc_store);
 +      }
 +      *msg = authdir_believes_valid ? "Valid server updated" :
 +        ("Invalid server updated. (This dirserver is marking your "
 +         "server as unapproved.)");
 +      return ROUTER_ADDED_SUCCESSFULLY;
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!in_consensus && from_cache &&
 +      router_descriptor_is_older_than(router, OLD_ROUTER_DESC_MAX_AGE)) {
 +    *msg = "Router descriptor was really old.";
 +    routerinfo_free(router);
 +    return ROUTER_WAS_TOO_OLD;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* We haven't seen a router with this identity before. Add it to the end of
 +   * the list. */
 +  routerlist_insert(routerlist, router);
 +  if (!from_cache) {
 +    signed_desc_append_to_journal(&router->cache_info,
 +                                  &routerlist->desc_store);
 +  }
 +  return ROUTER_ADDED_SUCCESSFULLY;
 +}
 +
 +/** Insert <b>ei</b> into the routerlist, or free it. Other arguments are
 + * as for router_add_to_routerlist().  Return ROUTER_ADDED_SUCCESSFULLY iff
 + * we actually inserted it, ROUTER_BAD_EI otherwise.
 + */
 +was_router_added_t
 +router_add_extrainfo_to_routerlist(extrainfo_t *ei, const char **msg,
 +                                   int from_cache, int from_fetch)
 +{
 +  was_router_added_t inserted;
 +  (void)from_fetch;
 +  if (msg) *msg = NULL;
 +  /*XXXX Do something with msg */
 +
 +  inserted = extrainfo_insert(router_get_routerlist(), ei, !from_cache);
 +
 +  if (WRA_WAS_ADDED(inserted) && !from_cache)
 +    signed_desc_append_to_journal(&ei->cache_info,
 +                                  &routerlist->extrainfo_store);
 +
 +  return inserted;
 +}
 +
 +/** Sorting helper: return <0, 0, or >0 depending on whether the
 + * signed_descriptor_t* in *<b>a</b> has an identity digest preceding, equal
 + * to, or later than that of *<b>b</b>. */
 +static int
 +compare_old_routers_by_identity_(const void **_a, const void **_b)
 +{
 +  int i;
 +  const signed_descriptor_t *r1 = *_a, *r2 = *_b;
 +  if ((i = fast_memcmp(r1->identity_digest, r2->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)))
 +    return i;
 +  return (int)(r1->published_on - r2->published_on);
 +}
 +
 +/** Internal type used to represent how long an old descriptor was valid,
 + * where it appeared in the list of old descriptors, and whether it's extra
 + * old. Used only by routerlist_remove_old_cached_routers_with_id(). */
 +struct duration_idx_t {
 +  int duration;
 +  int idx;
 +  int old;
 +};
 +
 +/** Sorting helper: compare two duration_idx_t by their duration. */
 +static int
 +compare_duration_idx_(const void *_d1, const void *_d2)
 +{
 +  const struct duration_idx_t *d1 = _d1;
 +  const struct duration_idx_t *d2 = _d2;
 +  return d1->duration - d2->duration;
 +}
 +
 +/** The range <b>lo</b> through <b>hi</b> inclusive of routerlist->old_routers
 + * must contain routerinfo_t with the same identity and with publication time
 + * in ascending order.  Remove members from this range until there are no more
 + * than max_descriptors_per_router() remaining.  Start by removing the oldest
 + * members from before <b>cutoff</b>, then remove members which were current
 + * for the lowest amount of time.  The order of members of old_routers at
 + * indices <b>lo</b> or higher may be changed.
 + */
 +static void
 +routerlist_remove_old_cached_routers_with_id(time_t now,
 +                                             time_t cutoff, int lo, int hi,
 +                                             digestset_t *retain)
 +{
 +  int i, n = hi-lo+1;
 +  unsigned n_extra, n_rmv = 0;
 +  struct duration_idx_t *lifespans;
 +  uint8_t *rmv, *must_keep;
 +  smartlist_t *lst = routerlist->old_routers;
 +#if 1
 +  const char *ident;
 +  tor_assert(hi < smartlist_len(lst));
 +  tor_assert(lo <= hi);
 +  ident = ((signed_descriptor_t*)smartlist_get(lst, lo))->identity_digest;
 +  for (i = lo+1; i <= hi; ++i) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *r = smartlist_get(lst, i);
 +    tor_assert(tor_memeq(ident, r->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
 +  }
 +#endif /* 1 */
 +  /* Check whether we need to do anything at all. */
 +  {
 +    int mdpr = directory_caches_dir_info(get_options()) ? 2 : 1;
 +    if (n <= mdpr)
 +      return;
 +    n_extra = n - mdpr;
 +  }
 +
 +  lifespans = tor_calloc(n, sizeof(struct duration_idx_t));
 +  rmv = tor_calloc(n, sizeof(uint8_t));
 +  must_keep = tor_calloc(n, sizeof(uint8_t));
 +  /* Set lifespans to contain the lifespan and index of each server. */
 +  /* Set rmv[i-lo]=1 if we're going to remove a server for being too old. */
 +  for (i = lo; i <= hi; ++i) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *r = smartlist_get(lst, i);
 +    signed_descriptor_t *r_next;
 +    lifespans[i-lo].idx = i;
 +    if (r->last_listed_as_valid_until >= now ||
 +        (retain && digestset_probably_contains(retain,
 +                                               r->signed_descriptor_digest))) {
 +      must_keep[i-lo] = 1;
 +    }
 +    if (i < hi) {
 +      r_next = smartlist_get(lst, i+1);
 +      tor_assert(r->published_on <= r_next->published_on);
 +      lifespans[i-lo].duration = (int)(r_next->published_on - r->published_on);
 +    } else {
 +      r_next = NULL;
 +      lifespans[i-lo].duration = INT_MAX;
 +    }
 +    if (!must_keep[i-lo] && r->published_on < cutoff && n_rmv < n_extra) {
 +      ++n_rmv;
 +      lifespans[i-lo].old = 1;
 +      rmv[i-lo] = 1;
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  if (n_rmv < n_extra) {
 +    /**
 +     * We aren't removing enough servers for being old.  Sort lifespans by
 +     * the duration of liveness, and remove the ones we're not already going to
 +     * remove based on how long they were alive.
 +     **/
 +    qsort(lifespans, n, sizeof(struct duration_idx_t), compare_duration_idx_);
 +    for (i = 0; i < n && n_rmv < n_extra; ++i) {
 +      if (!must_keep[lifespans[i].idx-lo] && !lifespans[i].old) {
 +        rmv[lifespans[i].idx-lo] = 1;
 +        ++n_rmv;
 +      }
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  i = hi;
 +  do {
 +    if (rmv[i-lo])
 +      routerlist_remove_old(routerlist, smartlist_get(lst, i), i);
 +  } while (--i >= lo);
 +  tor_free(must_keep);
 +  tor_free(rmv);
 +  tor_free(lifespans);
 +}
 +
 +/** Deactivate any routers from the routerlist that are more than
 + * ROUTER_MAX_AGE seconds old and not recommended by any networkstatuses;
 + * remove old routers from the list of cached routers if we have too many.
 + */
 +void
 +routerlist_remove_old_routers(void)
 +{
 +  int i, hi=-1;
 +  const char *cur_id = NULL;
 +  time_t now = time(NULL);
 +  time_t cutoff;
 +  routerinfo_t *router;
 +  signed_descriptor_t *sd;
 +  digestset_t *retain;
 +  const networkstatus_t *consensus = networkstatus_get_latest_consensus();
 +
 +  trusted_dirs_remove_old_certs();
 +
 +  if (!routerlist || !consensus)
 +    return;
 +
 +  // routerlist_assert_ok(routerlist);
 +
 +  /* We need to guess how many router descriptors we will wind up wanting to
 +     retain, so that we can be sure to allocate a large enough Bloom filter
 +     to hold the digest set.  Overestimating is fine; underestimating is bad.
 +  */
 +  {
 +    /* We'll probably retain everything in the consensus. */
 +    int n_max_retain = smartlist_len(consensus->routerstatus_list);
 +    retain = digestset_new(n_max_retain);
 +  }
 +
 +  cutoff = now - OLD_ROUTER_DESC_MAX_AGE;
 +  /* Retain anything listed in the consensus. */
 +  if (consensus) {
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(consensus->routerstatus_list, routerstatus_t *, rs,
 +        if (rs->published_on >= cutoff)
 +          digestset_add(retain, rs->descriptor_digest));
 +  }
 +
 +  /* If we have a consensus, we should consider pruning current routers that
 +   * are too old and that nobody recommends.  (If we don't have a consensus,
 +   * then we should get one before we decide to kill routers.) */
 +
 +  if (consensus) {
 +    cutoff = now - ROUTER_MAX_AGE;
 +    /* Remove too-old unrecommended members of routerlist->routers. */
 +    for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(routerlist->routers); ++i) {
 +      router = smartlist_get(routerlist->routers, i);
 +      if (router->cache_info.published_on <= cutoff &&
 +          router->cache_info.last_listed_as_valid_until < now &&
 +          !digestset_probably_contains(retain,
 +                          router->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest)) {
 +        /* Too old: remove it.  (If we're a cache, just move it into
 +         * old_routers.) */
 +        log_info(LD_DIR,
 +                 "Forgetting obsolete (too old) routerinfo for router %s",
 +                 router_describe(router));
 +        routerlist_remove(routerlist, router, 1, now);
 +        i--;
 +      }
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  //routerlist_assert_ok(routerlist);
 +
 +  /* Remove far-too-old members of routerlist->old_routers. */
 +  cutoff = now - OLD_ROUTER_DESC_MAX_AGE;
 +  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers); ++i) {
 +    sd = smartlist_get(routerlist->old_routers, i);
 +    if (sd->published_on <= cutoff &&
 +        sd->last_listed_as_valid_until < now &&
 +        !digestset_probably_contains(retain, sd->signed_descriptor_digest)) {
 +      /* Too old.  Remove it. */
 +      routerlist_remove_old(routerlist, sd, i--);
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  //routerlist_assert_ok(routerlist);
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR, "We have %d live routers and %d old router descriptors.",
 +           smartlist_len(routerlist->routers),
 +           smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers));
 +
 +  /* Now we might have to look at routerlist->old_routers for extraneous
 +   * members. (We'd keep all the members if we could, but we need to save
 +   * space.) First, check whether we have too many router descriptors, total.
 +   * We're okay with having too many for some given router, so long as the
 +   * total number doesn't approach max_descriptors_per_router()*len(router).
 +   */
 +  if (smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers) <
 +      smartlist_len(routerlist->routers))
 +    goto done;
 +
 +  /* Sort by identity, then fix indices. */
 +  smartlist_sort(routerlist->old_routers, compare_old_routers_by_identity_);
 +  /* Fix indices. */
 +  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers); ++i) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *r = smartlist_get(routerlist->old_routers, i);
 +    r->routerlist_index = i;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* Iterate through the list from back to front, so when we remove descriptors
 +   * we don't mess up groups we haven't gotten to. */
 +  for (i = smartlist_len(routerlist->old_routers)-1; i >= 0; --i) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *r = smartlist_get(routerlist->old_routers, i);
 +    if (!cur_id) {
 +      cur_id = r->identity_digest;
 +      hi = i;
 +    }
 +    if (tor_memneq(cur_id, r->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +      routerlist_remove_old_cached_routers_with_id(now,
 +                                                   cutoff, i+1, hi, retain);
 +      cur_id = r->identity_digest;
 +      hi = i;
 +    }
 +  }
 +  if (hi>=0)
 +    routerlist_remove_old_cached_routers_with_id(now, cutoff, 0, hi, retain);
 +  //routerlist_assert_ok(routerlist);
 +
 + done:
 +  digestset_free(retain);
 +  router_rebuild_store(RRS_DONT_REMOVE_OLD, &routerlist->desc_store);
 +  router_rebuild_store(RRS_DONT_REMOVE_OLD,&routerlist->extrainfo_store);
 +}
 +
 +/** We just added a new set of descriptors. Take whatever extra steps
 + * we need. */
 +void
 +routerlist_descriptors_added(smartlist_t *sl, int from_cache)
 +{
 +  tor_assert(sl);
 +  control_event_descriptors_changed(sl);
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(sl, routerinfo_t *, ri) {
 +    if (ri->purpose == ROUTER_PURPOSE_BRIDGE)
 +      learned_bridge_descriptor(ri, from_cache);
 +    if (ri->needs_retest_if_added) {
 +      ri->needs_retest_if_added = 0;
 +      dirserv_single_reachability_test(approx_time(), ri);
 +    }
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ri);
 +}
 +
 +/**
 + * Code to parse a single router descriptor and insert it into the
 + * routerlist.  Return -1 if the descriptor was ill-formed; 0 if the
 + * descriptor was well-formed but could not be added; and 1 if the
 + * descriptor was added.
 + *
 + * If we don't add it and <b>msg</b> is not NULL, then assign to
 + * *<b>msg</b> a static string describing the reason for refusing the
 + * descriptor.
 + *
 + * This is used only by the controller.
 + */
 +int
 +router_load_single_router(const char *s, uint8_t purpose, int cache,
 +                          const char **msg)
 +{
 +  routerinfo_t *ri;
 +  was_router_added_t r;
 +  smartlist_t *lst;
 +  char annotation_buf[ROUTER_ANNOTATION_BUF_LEN];
 +  tor_assert(msg);
 +  *msg = NULL;
 +
 +  tor_snprintf(annotation_buf, sizeof(annotation_buf),
 +               "@source controller\n"
 +               "@purpose %s\n", router_purpose_to_string(purpose));
 +
 +  if (!(ri = router_parse_entry_from_string(s, NULL, 1, 0,
 +                                            annotation_buf, NULL))) {
 +    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Error parsing router descriptor; dropping.");
 +    *msg = "Couldn't parse router descriptor.";
 +    return -1;
 +  }
 +  tor_assert(ri->purpose == purpose);
 +  if (router_is_me(ri)) {
 +    log_warn(LD_DIR, "Router's identity key matches mine; dropping.");
 +    *msg = "Router's identity key matches mine.";
 +    routerinfo_free(ri);
 +    return 0;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!cache) /* obey the preference of the controller */
 +    ri->cache_info.do_not_cache = 1;
 +
 +  lst = smartlist_new();
 +  smartlist_add(lst, ri);
 +  routers_update_status_from_consensus_networkstatus(lst, 0);
 +
 +  r = router_add_to_routerlist(ri, msg, 0, 0);
 +  if (!WRA_WAS_ADDED(r)) {
 +    /* we've already assigned to *msg now, and ri is already freed */
 +    tor_assert(*msg);
 +    if (r == ROUTER_AUTHDIR_REJECTS)
 +      log_warn(LD_DIR, "Couldn't add router to list: %s Dropping.", *msg);
 +    smartlist_free(lst);
 +    return 0;
 +  } else {
 +    routerlist_descriptors_added(lst, 0);
 +    smartlist_free(lst);
 +    log_debug(LD_DIR, "Added router to list");
 +    return 1;
 +  }
 +}
 +
 +/** Given a string <b>s</b> containing some routerdescs, parse it and put the
 + * routers into our directory.  If saved_location is SAVED_NOWHERE, the routers
 + * are in response to a query to the network: cache them by adding them to
 + * the journal.
 + *
 + * Return the number of routers actually added.
 + *
 + * If <b>requested_fingerprints</b> is provided, it must contain a list of
 + * uppercased fingerprints.  Do not update any router whose
 + * fingerprint is not on the list; after updating a router, remove its
 + * fingerprint from the list.
 + *
 + * If <b>descriptor_digests</b> is non-zero, then the requested_fingerprints
 + * are descriptor digests. Otherwise they are identity digests.
 + */
 +int
 +router_load_routers_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
 +                                saved_location_t saved_location,
 +                                smartlist_t *requested_fingerprints,
 +                                int descriptor_digests,
 +                                const char *prepend_annotations)
 +{
 +  smartlist_t *routers = smartlist_new(), *changed = smartlist_new();
 +  char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
 +  const char *msg;
 +  int from_cache = (saved_location != SAVED_NOWHERE);
 +  int allow_annotations = (saved_location != SAVED_NOWHERE);
 +  int any_changed = 0;
 +  smartlist_t *invalid_digests = smartlist_new();
 +
 +  router_parse_list_from_string(&s, eos, routers, saved_location, 0,
 +                                allow_annotations, prepend_annotations,
 +                                invalid_digests);
 +
 +  routers_update_status_from_consensus_networkstatus(routers, !from_cache);
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR, "%d elements to add", smartlist_len(routers));
 +
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(routers, routerinfo_t *, ri) {
 +    was_router_added_t r;
 +    char d[DIGEST_LEN];
 +    if (requested_fingerprints) {
 +      base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), descriptor_digests ?
 +                      ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest :
 +                      ri->cache_info.identity_digest,
 +                    DIGEST_LEN);
 +      if (smartlist_contains_string(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
 +        smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
 +      } else {
 +        char *requested =
 +          smartlist_join_strings(requested_fingerprints," ",0,NULL);
 +        log_warn(LD_DIR,
 +                 "We received a router descriptor with a fingerprint (%s) "
 +                 "that we never requested. (We asked for: %s.) Dropping.",
 +                 fp, requested);
 +        tor_free(requested);
 +        routerinfo_free(ri);
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +    }
 +
 +    memcpy(d, ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +    r = router_add_to_routerlist(ri, &msg, from_cache, !from_cache);
 +    if (WRA_WAS_ADDED(r)) {
 +      any_changed++;
 +      smartlist_add(changed, ri);
 +      routerlist_descriptors_added(changed, from_cache);
 +      smartlist_clear(changed);
 +    } else if (WRA_NEVER_DOWNLOADABLE(r)) {
 +      download_status_t *dl_status;
 +      dl_status = router_get_dl_status_by_descriptor_digest(d);
 +      if (dl_status) {
 +        log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Marking router %s as never downloadable",
 +                 hex_str(d, DIGEST_LEN));
 +        download_status_mark_impossible(dl_status);
 +      }
 +    }
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ri);
 +
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(invalid_digests, const uint8_t *, bad_digest) {
 +    /* This digest is never going to be parseable. */
 +    base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), (char*)bad_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +    if (requested_fingerprints && descriptor_digests) {
 +      if (! smartlist_contains_string(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
 +        /* But we didn't ask for it, so we should assume shennanegans. */
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
 +    }
 +    download_status_t *dls;
 +    dls = router_get_dl_status_by_descriptor_digest((char*)bad_digest);
 +    if (dls) {
 +      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Marking router with descriptor %s as unparseable, "
 +               "and therefore undownloadable", fp);
 +      download_status_mark_impossible(dls);
 +    }
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bad_digest);
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(invalid_digests, uint8_t *, d, tor_free(d));
 +  smartlist_free(invalid_digests);
 +
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(routerlist);
 +
 +  if (any_changed)
 +    router_rebuild_store(0, &routerlist->desc_store);
 +
 +  smartlist_free(routers);
 +  smartlist_free(changed);
 +
 +  return any_changed;
 +}
 +
 +/** Parse one or more extrainfos from <b>s</b> (ending immediately before
 + * <b>eos</b> if <b>eos</b> is present).  Other arguments are as for
 + * router_load_routers_from_string(). */
 +void
 +router_load_extrainfo_from_string(const char *s, const char *eos,
 +                                  saved_location_t saved_location,
 +                                  smartlist_t *requested_fingerprints,
 +                                  int descriptor_digests)
 +{
 +  smartlist_t *extrainfo_list = smartlist_new();
 +  const char *msg;
 +  int from_cache = (saved_location != SAVED_NOWHERE);
 +  smartlist_t *invalid_digests = smartlist_new();
 +
 +  router_parse_list_from_string(&s, eos, extrainfo_list, saved_location, 1, 0,
 +                                NULL, invalid_digests);
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR, "%d elements to add", smartlist_len(extrainfo_list));
 +
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(extrainfo_list, extrainfo_t *, ei) {
 +      uint8_t d[DIGEST_LEN];
 +      memcpy(d, ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +      was_router_added_t added =
 +        router_add_extrainfo_to_routerlist(ei, &msg, from_cache, !from_cache);
 +      if (WRA_WAS_ADDED(added) && requested_fingerprints) {
 +        char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
 +        base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), descriptor_digests ?
 +                        ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest :
 +                        ei->cache_info.identity_digest,
 +                      DIGEST_LEN);
 +        smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
 +        /* We silently let relays stuff us with extrainfos we didn't ask for,
 +         * so long as we would have wanted them anyway.  Since we always fetch
 +         * all the extrainfos we want, and we never actually act on them
 +         * inside Tor, this should be harmless. */
 +      } else if (WRA_NEVER_DOWNLOADABLE(added)) {
 +        signed_descriptor_t *sd = router_get_by_extrainfo_digest((char*)d);
 +        if (sd) {
 +          log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Marking extrainfo with descriptor %s as "
 +                   "unparseable, and therefore undownloadable",
 +                   hex_str((char*)d,DIGEST_LEN));
 +          download_status_mark_impossible(&sd->ei_dl_status);
 +        }
 +      }
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ei);
 +
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(invalid_digests, const uint8_t *, bad_digest) {
 +    /* This digest is never going to be parseable. */
 +    char fp[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
 +    base16_encode(fp, sizeof(fp), (char*)bad_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +    if (requested_fingerprints) {
 +      if (! smartlist_contains_string(requested_fingerprints, fp)) {
 +        /* But we didn't ask for it, so we should assume shennanegans. */
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      smartlist_string_remove(requested_fingerprints, fp);
 +    }
 +    signed_descriptor_t *sd =
 +      router_get_by_extrainfo_digest((char*)bad_digest);
 +    if (sd) {
 +      log_info(LD_GENERAL, "Marking extrainfo with descriptor %s as "
 +               "unparseable, and therefore undownloadable", fp);
 +      download_status_mark_impossible(&sd->ei_dl_status);
 +    }
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(bad_digest);
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(invalid_digests, uint8_t *, d, tor_free(d));
 +  smartlist_free(invalid_digests);
 +
 +  routerlist_assert_ok(routerlist);
 +  router_rebuild_store(0, &router_get_routerlist()->extrainfo_store);
 +
 +  smartlist_free(extrainfo_list);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return true iff the latest ns-flavored consensus includes a descriptor
 + * whose digest is that of <b>desc</b>. */
 +static int
 +signed_desc_digest_is_recognized(signed_descriptor_t *desc)
 +{
 +  const routerstatus_t *rs;
 +  networkstatus_t *consensus = networkstatus_get_latest_consensus_by_flavor(
 +                                                                      FLAV_NS);
 +
 +  if (consensus) {
 +    rs = networkstatus_vote_find_entry(consensus, desc->identity_digest);
 +    if (rs && tor_memeq(rs->descriptor_digest,
 +                      desc->signed_descriptor_digest, DIGEST_LEN))
 +      return 1;
 +  }
 +  return 0;
 +}
 +
 +/** Update downloads for router descriptors and/or microdescriptors as
 + * appropriate. */
 +void
 +update_all_descriptor_downloads(time_t now)
 +{
 +  if (should_delay_dir_fetches(get_options(), NULL))
 +    return;
 +  update_router_descriptor_downloads(now);
 +  update_microdesc_downloads(now);
 +  launch_dummy_descriptor_download_as_needed(now, get_options());
 +}
 +
 +/** Clear all our timeouts for fetching v3 directory stuff, and then
 + * give it all a try again. */
 +void
 +routerlist_retry_directory_downloads(time_t now)
 +{
 +  (void)now;
 +
 +  log_debug(LD_GENERAL,
 +            "In routerlist_retry_directory_downloads()");
 +
 +  router_reset_status_download_failures();
 +  router_reset_descriptor_download_failures();
 +  reschedule_directory_downloads();
 +}
 +
 +/** Return true iff <b>router</b> does not permit exit streams.
 + */
 +int
 +router_exit_policy_rejects_all(const routerinfo_t *router)
 +{
 +  return router->policy_is_reject_star;
 +}
 +
 +/** For every current directory connection whose purpose is <b>purpose</b>,
 + * and where the resource being downloaded begins with <b>prefix</b>, split
 + * rest of the resource into base16 fingerprints (or base64 fingerprints if
 + * purpose==DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC), decode them, and set the
 + * corresponding elements of <b>result</b> to a nonzero value.
 + */
 +void
 +list_pending_downloads(digestmap_t *result, digest256map_t *result256,
 +                       int purpose, const char *prefix)
 +{
 +  const size_t p_len = strlen(prefix);
 +  smartlist_t *tmp = smartlist_new();
 +  smartlist_t *conns = get_connection_array();
 +  int flags = DSR_HEX;
 +  if (purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC)
 +    flags = DSR_DIGEST256|DSR_BASE64;
 +
 +  tor_assert(result || result256);
 +
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(conns, connection_t *, conn) {
 +    if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_DIR &&
 +        conn->purpose == purpose &&
 +        !conn->marked_for_close) {
 +      const char *resource = TO_DIR_CONN(conn)->requested_resource;
 +      if (!strcmpstart(resource, prefix))
 +        dir_split_resource_into_fingerprints(resource + p_len,
 +                                             tmp, NULL, flags);
 +    }
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(conn);
 +
 +  if (result) {
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tmp, char *, d,
 +                    {
 +                      digestmap_set(result, d, (void*)1);
 +                      tor_free(d);
 +                    });
 +  } else if (result256) {
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tmp, uint8_t *, d,
 +                    {
 +                      digest256map_set(result256, d, (void*)1);
 +                      tor_free(d);
 +                    });
 +  }
 +  smartlist_free(tmp);
 +}
 +
 +/** For every router descriptor (or extra-info document if <b>extrainfo</b> is
 + * true) we are currently downloading by descriptor digest, set result[d] to
 + * (void*)1. */
 +static void
 +list_pending_descriptor_downloads(digestmap_t *result, int extrainfo)
 +{
 +  int purpose =
 +    extrainfo ? DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO : DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC;
 +  list_pending_downloads(result, NULL, purpose, "d/");
 +}
 +
 +/** For every microdescriptor we are currently downloading by descriptor
 + * digest, set result[d] to (void*)1.
 + */
 +void
 +list_pending_microdesc_downloads(digest256map_t *result)
 +{
 +  list_pending_downloads(NULL, result, DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC, "d/");
 +}
 +
 +/** Launch downloads for all the descriptors whose digests or digests256
 + * are listed as digests[i] for lo <= i < hi.  (Lo and hi may be out of
 + * range.)  If <b>source</b> is given, download from <b>source</b>;
 + * otherwise, download from an appropriate random directory server.
 + */
 +MOCK_IMPL(STATIC void,
 +initiate_descriptor_downloads,(const routerstatus_t *source,
 +                               int purpose, smartlist_t *digests,
 +                               int lo, int hi, int pds_flags))
 +{
 +  char *resource, *cp;
 +  int digest_len, enc_digest_len;
 +  const char *sep;
 +  int b64_256;
 +  smartlist_t *tmp;
 +
 +  if (purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC) {
 +    /* Microdescriptors are downloaded by "-"-separated base64-encoded
 +     * 256-bit digests. */
 +    digest_len = DIGEST256_LEN;
 +    enc_digest_len = BASE64_DIGEST256_LEN + 1;
 +    sep = "-";
 +    b64_256 = 1;
 +  } else {
 +    digest_len = DIGEST_LEN;
 +    enc_digest_len = HEX_DIGEST_LEN + 1;
 +    sep = "+";
 +    b64_256 = 0;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (lo < 0)
 +    lo = 0;
 +  if (hi > smartlist_len(digests))
 +    hi = smartlist_len(digests);
 +
 +  if (hi-lo <= 0)
 +    return;
 +
 +  tmp = smartlist_new();
 +
 +  for (; lo < hi; ++lo) {
 +    cp = tor_malloc(enc_digest_len);
 +    if (b64_256) {
 +      digest256_to_base64(cp, smartlist_get(digests, lo));
 +    } else {
 +      base16_encode(cp, enc_digest_len, smartlist_get(digests, lo),
 +                    digest_len);
 +    }
 +    smartlist_add(tmp, cp);
 +  }
 +
 +  cp = smartlist_join_strings(tmp, sep, 0, NULL);
 +  tor_asprintf(&resource, "d/%s.z", cp);
 +
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(tmp, char *, cp1, tor_free(cp1));
 +  smartlist_free(tmp);
 +  tor_free(cp);
 +
 +  if (source) {
 +    /* We know which authority or directory mirror we want. */
 +    directory_request_t *req = directory_request_new(purpose);
 +    directory_request_set_routerstatus(req, source);
 +    directory_request_set_resource(req, resource);
 +    directory_initiate_request(req);
 +    directory_request_free(req);
 +  } else {
 +    directory_get_from_dirserver(purpose, ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL, resource,
 +                                 pds_flags, DL_WANT_ANY_DIRSERVER);
 +  }
 +  tor_free(resource);
 +}
 +
 +/** Return the max number of hashes to put in a URL for a given request.
 + */
 +static int
 +max_dl_per_request(const or_options_t *options, int purpose)
 +{
 +  /* Since squid does not like URLs >= 4096 bytes we limit it to 96.
 +   *   4096 - strlen(http://[ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff]:65535
 +   *                 /tor/server/d/.z) == 4026
 +   *   4026/41 (40 for the hash and 1 for the + that separates them) => 98
 +   *   So use 96 because it's a nice number.
 +   *
 +   * For microdescriptors, the calculation is
 +   *   4096 - strlen(http://[ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff]:65535
 +   *                 /tor/micro/d/.z) == 4027
 +   *   4027/44 (43 for the hash and 1 for the - that separates them) => 91
 +   *   So use 90 because it's a nice number.
 +   */
 +  int max = 96;
 +  if (purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC) {
 +    max = 90;
 +  }
 +  /* If we're going to tunnel our connections, we can ask for a lot more
 +   * in a request. */
 +  if (directory_must_use_begindir(options)) {
 +    max = 500;
 +  }
 +  return max;
 +}
 +
 +/** Don't split our requests so finely that we are requesting fewer than
 + * this number per server. (Grouping more than this at once leads to
 + * diminishing returns.) */
 +#define MIN_DL_PER_REQUEST 32
 +/** To prevent a single screwy cache from confusing us by selective reply,
 + * try to split our requests into at least this many requests. */
 +#define MIN_REQUESTS 3
 +/** If we want fewer than this many descriptors, wait until we
 + * want more, or until TestingClientMaxIntervalWithoutRequest has passed. */
 +#define MAX_DL_TO_DELAY 16
 +
 +/** Given a <b>purpose</b> (FETCH_MICRODESC or FETCH_SERVERDESC) and a list of
 + * router descriptor digests or microdescriptor digest256s in
 + * <b>downloadable</b>, decide whether to delay fetching until we have more.
 + * If we don't want to delay, launch one or more requests to the appropriate
 + * directory authorities.
 + */
 +void
 +launch_descriptor_downloads(int purpose,
 +                            smartlist_t *downloadable,
 +                            const routerstatus_t *source, time_t now)
 +{
 +  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 +  const char *descname;
 +  const int fetch_microdesc = (purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_MICRODESC);
 +  int n_downloadable = smartlist_len(downloadable);
 +
 +  int i, n_per_request, max_dl_per_req;
 +  const char *req_plural = "", *rtr_plural = "";
 +  int pds_flags = PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS;
 +
 +  tor_assert(fetch_microdesc || purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC);
 +  descname = fetch_microdesc ? "microdesc" : "routerdesc";
 +
 +  if (!n_downloadable)
 +    return;
 +
 +  if (!directory_fetches_dir_info_early(options)) {
 +    if (n_downloadable >= MAX_DL_TO_DELAY) {
 +      log_debug(LD_DIR,
 +                "There are enough downloadable %ss to launch requests.",
 +                descname);
 +    } else if (! router_have_minimum_dir_info()) {
 +      log_debug(LD_DIR,
 +                "We are only missing %d %ss, but we'll fetch anyway, since "
 +                "we don't yet have enough directory info.",
 +                n_downloadable, descname);
 +    } else {
 +
 +      /* should delay */
 +      if ((last_descriptor_download_attempted +
 +          options->TestingClientMaxIntervalWithoutRequest) > now)
 +        return;
 +
 +      if (last_descriptor_download_attempted) {
 +        log_info(LD_DIR,
 +                 "There are not many downloadable %ss, but we've "
 +                 "been waiting long enough (%d seconds). Downloading.",
 +                 descname,
 +                 (int)(now-last_descriptor_download_attempted));
 +      } else {
 +        log_info(LD_DIR,
 +                 "There are not many downloadable %ss, but we haven't "
 +                 "tried downloading descriptors recently. Downloading.",
 +                 descname);
 +      }
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!authdir_mode(options)) {
 +    /* If we wind up going to the authorities, we want to only open one
 +     * connection to each authority at a time, so that we don't overload
 +     * them.  We do this by setting PDS_NO_EXISTING_SERVERDESC_FETCH
 +     * regardless of whether we're a cache or not.
 +     *
 +     * Setting this flag can make initiate_descriptor_downloads() ignore
 +     * requests.  We need to make sure that we do in fact call
 +     * update_router_descriptor_downloads() later on, once the connections
 +     * have succeeded or failed.
 +     */
 +    pds_flags |= fetch_microdesc ?
 +      PDS_NO_EXISTING_MICRODESC_FETCH :
 +      PDS_NO_EXISTING_SERVERDESC_FETCH;
 +  }
 +
 +  n_per_request = CEIL_DIV(n_downloadable, MIN_REQUESTS);
 +  max_dl_per_req = max_dl_per_request(options, purpose);
 +
 +  if (n_per_request > max_dl_per_req)
 +    n_per_request = max_dl_per_req;
 +
 +  if (n_per_request < MIN_DL_PER_REQUEST) {
 +    n_per_request = MIN(MIN_DL_PER_REQUEST, n_downloadable);
 +  }
 +
 +  if (n_downloadable > n_per_request)
 +    req_plural = rtr_plural = "s";
 +  else if (n_downloadable > 1)
 +    rtr_plural = "s";
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR,
 +           "Launching %d request%s for %d %s%s, %d at a time",
 +           CEIL_DIV(n_downloadable, n_per_request), req_plural,
 +           n_downloadable, descname, rtr_plural, n_per_request);
 +  smartlist_sort_digests(downloadable);
 +  for (i=0; i < n_downloadable; i += n_per_request) {
 +    initiate_descriptor_downloads(source, purpose,
 +                                  downloadable, i, i+n_per_request,
 +                                  pds_flags);
 +  }
 +  last_descriptor_download_attempted = now;
 +}
 +
 +/** For any descriptor that we want that's currently listed in
 + * <b>consensus</b>, download it as appropriate. */
 +void
 +update_consensus_router_descriptor_downloads(time_t now, int is_vote,
 +                                             networkstatus_t *consensus)
 +{
 +  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 +  digestmap_t *map = NULL;
 +  smartlist_t *no_longer_old = smartlist_new();
 +  smartlist_t *downloadable = smartlist_new();
 +  routerstatus_t *source = NULL;
 +  int authdir = authdir_mode(options);
 +  int n_delayed=0, n_have=0, n_would_reject=0, n_wouldnt_use=0,
 +    n_inprogress=0, n_in_oldrouters=0;
 +
 +  if (directory_too_idle_to_fetch_descriptors(options, now))
 +    goto done;
 +  if (!consensus)
 +    goto done;
 +
 +  if (is_vote) {
 +    /* where's it from, so we know whom to ask for descriptors */
 +    dir_server_t *ds;
 +    networkstatus_voter_info_t *voter = smartlist_get(consensus->voters, 0);
 +    tor_assert(voter);
 +    ds = trusteddirserver_get_by_v3_auth_digest(voter->identity_digest);
 +    if (ds)
 +      source = &(ds->fake_status);
 +    else
 +      log_warn(LD_DIR, "couldn't lookup source from vote?");
 +  }
 +
 +  map = digestmap_new();
 +  list_pending_descriptor_downloads(map, 0);
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(consensus->routerstatus_list, void *, rsp) {
 +      routerstatus_t *rs =
 +        is_vote ? &(((vote_routerstatus_t *)rsp)->status) : rsp;
 +      signed_descriptor_t *sd;
 +      if ((sd = router_get_by_descriptor_digest(rs->descriptor_digest))) {
 +        const routerinfo_t *ri;
 +        ++n_have;
 +        if (!(ri = router_get_by_id_digest(rs->identity_digest)) ||
 +            tor_memneq(ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                   sd->signed_descriptor_digest, DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +          /* We have a descriptor with this digest, but either there is no
 +           * entry in routerlist with the same ID (!ri), or there is one,
 +           * but the identity digest differs (memneq).
 +           */
 +          smartlist_add(no_longer_old, sd);
 +          ++n_in_oldrouters; /* We have it in old_routers. */
 +        }
 +        continue; /* We have it already. */
 +      }
 +      if (digestmap_get(map, rs->descriptor_digest)) {
 +        ++n_inprogress;
 +        continue; /* We have an in-progress download. */
 +      }
 +      if (!download_status_is_ready(&rs->dl_status, now)) {
 +        ++n_delayed; /* Not ready for retry. */
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      if (authdir && dirserv_would_reject_router(rs)) {
 +        ++n_would_reject;
 +        continue; /* We would throw it out immediately. */
 +      }
 +      if (!we_want_to_fetch_flavor(options, consensus->flavor) &&
 +          !client_would_use_router(rs, now)) {
 +        ++n_wouldnt_use;
 +        continue; /* We would never use it ourself. */
 +      }
 +      if (is_vote && source) {
 +        char time_bufnew[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
 +        char time_bufold[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
 +        const routerinfo_t *oldrouter;
 +        oldrouter = router_get_by_id_digest(rs->identity_digest);
 +        format_iso_time(time_bufnew, rs->published_on);
 +        if (oldrouter)
 +          format_iso_time(time_bufold, oldrouter->cache_info.published_on);
 +        log_info(LD_DIR, "Learned about %s (%s vs %s) from %s's vote (%s)",
 +                 routerstatus_describe(rs),
 +                 time_bufnew,
 +                 oldrouter ? time_bufold : "none",
 +                 source->nickname, oldrouter ? "known" : "unknown");
 +      }
 +      smartlist_add(downloadable, rs->descriptor_digest);
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(rsp);
 +
 +  if (!authdir_mode_v3(options)
 +      && smartlist_len(no_longer_old)) {
 +    routerlist_t *rl = router_get_routerlist();
 +    log_info(LD_DIR, "%d router descriptors listed in consensus are "
 +             "currently in old_routers; making them current.",
 +             smartlist_len(no_longer_old));
 +    SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(no_longer_old, signed_descriptor_t *, sd) {
 +        const char *msg;
 +        was_router_added_t r;
 +        time_t tmp_cert_expiration_time;
 +        routerinfo_t *ri = routerlist_reparse_old(rl, sd);
 +        if (!ri) {
 +          log_warn(LD_BUG, "Failed to re-parse a router.");
 +          continue;
 +        }
 +        /* need to remember for below, since add_to_routerlist may free. */
 +        tmp_cert_expiration_time = ri->cert_expiration_time;
 +
 +        r = router_add_to_routerlist(ri, &msg, 1, 0);
 +        if (WRA_WAS_OUTDATED(r)) {
 +          log_warn(LD_DIR, "Couldn't add re-parsed router: %s. This isn't "
 +                   "usually a big deal, but you should make sure that your "
 +                   "clock and timezone are set correctly.",
 +                   msg?msg:"???");
 +          if (r == ROUTER_CERTS_EXPIRED) {
 +            char time_cons[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
 +            char time_cert_expires[ISO_TIME_LEN+1];
 +            format_iso_time(time_cons, consensus->valid_after);
 +            format_iso_time(time_cert_expires, tmp_cert_expiration_time);
 +            log_warn(LD_DIR, "  (I'm looking at a consensus from %s; This "
 +                     "router's certificates began expiring at %s.)",
 +                     time_cons, time_cert_expires);
 +          }
 +        }
 +    } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(sd);
 +    routerlist_assert_ok(rl);
 +  }
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR,
 +           "%d router descriptors downloadable. %d delayed; %d present "
 +           "(%d of those were in old_routers); %d would_reject; "
 +           "%d wouldnt_use; %d in progress.",
 +           smartlist_len(downloadable), n_delayed, n_have, n_in_oldrouters,
 +           n_would_reject, n_wouldnt_use, n_inprogress);
 +
 +  launch_descriptor_downloads(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,
 +                              downloadable, source, now);
 +
 +  digestmap_free(map, NULL);
 + done:
 +  smartlist_free(downloadable);
 +  smartlist_free(no_longer_old);
 +}
 +
 +/** How often should we launch a server/authority request to be sure of getting
 + * a guess for our IP? */
 +/*XXXX+ this info should come from netinfo cells or something, or we should
 + * do this only when we aren't seeing incoming data. see bug 652. */
 +#define DUMMY_DOWNLOAD_INTERVAL (20*60)
 +
 +/** As needed, launch a dummy router descriptor fetch to see if our
 + * address has changed. */
 +static void
 +launch_dummy_descriptor_download_as_needed(time_t now,
 +                                           const or_options_t *options)
 +{
 +  static time_t last_dummy_download = 0;
 +  /* XXXX+ we could be smarter here; see notes on bug 652. */
 +  /* If we're a server that doesn't have a configured address, we rely on
 +   * directory fetches to learn when our address changes.  So if we haven't
 +   * tried to get any routerdescs in a long time, try a dummy fetch now. */
 +  if (!options->Address &&
 +      server_mode(options) &&
 +      last_descriptor_download_attempted + DUMMY_DOWNLOAD_INTERVAL < now &&
 +      last_dummy_download + DUMMY_DOWNLOAD_INTERVAL < now) {
 +    last_dummy_download = now;
 +    /* XX/teor - do we want an authority here, because they are less likely
 +     * to give us the wrong address? (See #17782)
 +     * I'm leaving the previous behaviour intact, because I don't like
 +     * the idea of some relays contacting an authority every 20 minutes. */
 +    directory_get_from_dirserver(DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC,
 +                                 ROUTER_PURPOSE_GENERAL, "authority.z",
 +                                 PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS,
 +                                 DL_WANT_ANY_DIRSERVER);
 +  }
 +}
 +
 +/** Launch downloads for router status as needed. */
 +void
 +update_router_descriptor_downloads(time_t now)
 +{
 +  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 +  if (should_delay_dir_fetches(options, NULL))
 +    return;
 +  if (!we_fetch_router_descriptors(options))
 +    return;
 +
 +  update_consensus_router_descriptor_downloads(now, 0,
 +                  networkstatus_get_reasonably_live_consensus(now, FLAV_NS));
 +}
 +
 +/** Launch extrainfo downloads as needed. */
 +void
 +update_extrainfo_downloads(time_t now)
 +{
 +  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 +  routerlist_t *rl;
 +  smartlist_t *wanted;
 +  digestmap_t *pending;
 +  int old_routers, i, max_dl_per_req;
 +  int n_no_ei = 0, n_pending = 0, n_have = 0, n_delay = 0, n_bogus[2] = {0,0};
 +  if (! options->DownloadExtraInfo)
 +    return;
 +  if (should_delay_dir_fetches(options, NULL))
 +    return;
 +  if (!router_have_minimum_dir_info())
 +    return;
 +
 +  pending = digestmap_new();
 +  list_pending_descriptor_downloads(pending, 1);
 +  rl = router_get_routerlist();
 +  wanted = smartlist_new();
 +  for (old_routers = 0; old_routers < 2; ++old_routers) {
 +    smartlist_t *lst = old_routers ? rl->old_routers : rl->routers;
 +    for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(lst); ++i) {
 +      signed_descriptor_t *sd;
 +      char *d;
 +      if (old_routers)
 +        sd = smartlist_get(lst, i);
 +      else
 +        sd = &((routerinfo_t*)smartlist_get(lst, i))->cache_info;
 +      if (sd->is_extrainfo)
 +        continue; /* This should never happen. */
 +      if (old_routers && !router_get_by_id_digest(sd->identity_digest))
 +        continue; /* Couldn't check the signature if we got it. */
 +      if (sd->extrainfo_is_bogus)
 +        continue;
 +      d = sd->extra_info_digest;
 +      if (tor_digest_is_zero(d)) {
 +        ++n_no_ei;
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      if (eimap_get(rl->extra_info_map, d)) {
 +        ++n_have;
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      if (!download_status_is_ready(&sd->ei_dl_status, now)) {
 +        ++n_delay;
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      if (digestmap_get(pending, d)) {
 +        ++n_pending;
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +
 +      const signed_descriptor_t *sd2 = router_get_by_extrainfo_digest(d);
 +      if (sd2 != sd) {
 +        if (sd2 != NULL) {
 +          char d1[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1], d2[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
 +          char d3[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1], d4[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
 +          base16_encode(d1, sizeof(d1), sd->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +          base16_encode(d2, sizeof(d2), sd2->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +          base16_encode(d3, sizeof(d3), d, DIGEST_LEN);
 +          base16_encode(d4, sizeof(d3), sd2->extra_info_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +
 +          log_info(LD_DIR, "Found an entry in %s with mismatched "
 +                   "router_get_by_extrainfo_digest() value. This has ID %s "
 +                   "but the entry in the map has ID %s. This has EI digest "
 +                   "%s and the entry in the map has EI digest %s.",
 +                   old_routers?"old_routers":"routers",
 +                   d1, d2, d3, d4);
 +        } else {
 +          char d1[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1], d2[HEX_DIGEST_LEN+1];
 +          base16_encode(d1, sizeof(d1), sd->identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +          base16_encode(d2, sizeof(d2), d, DIGEST_LEN);
 +
 +          log_info(LD_DIR, "Found an entry in %s with NULL "
 +                   "router_get_by_extrainfo_digest() value. This has ID %s "
 +                   "and EI digest %s.",
 +                   old_routers?"old_routers":"routers",
 +                   d1, d2);
 +        }
 +        ++n_bogus[old_routers];
 +        continue;
 +      }
 +      smartlist_add(wanted, d);
 +    }
 +  }
 +  digestmap_free(pending, NULL);
 +
 +  log_info(LD_DIR, "Extrainfo download status: %d router with no ei, %d "
 +           "with present ei, %d delaying, %d pending, %d downloadable, %d "
 +           "bogus in routers, %d bogus in old_routers",
 +           n_no_ei, n_have, n_delay, n_pending, smartlist_len(wanted),
 +           n_bogus[0], n_bogus[1]);
 +
 +  smartlist_shuffle(wanted);
 +
 +  max_dl_per_req = max_dl_per_request(options, DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO);
 +  for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(wanted); i += max_dl_per_req) {
 +    initiate_descriptor_downloads(NULL, DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_EXTRAINFO,
 +                                  wanted, i, i+max_dl_per_req,
 +                PDS_RETRY_IF_NO_SERVERS|PDS_NO_EXISTING_SERVERDESC_FETCH);
 +  }
 +
 +  smartlist_free(wanted);
 +}
 +
 +/** Reset the consensus and extra-info download failure count on all routers.
 + * When we get a new consensus,
 + * routers_update_status_from_consensus_networkstatus() will reset the
 + * download statuses on the descriptors in that consensus.
 + */
 +void
 +router_reset_descriptor_download_failures(void)
 +{
 +  log_debug(LD_GENERAL,
 +            "In router_reset_descriptor_download_failures()");
 +
 +  networkstatus_reset_download_failures();
 +  last_descriptor_download_attempted = 0;
 +  if (!routerlist)
 +    return;
 +  /* We want to download *all* extra-info descriptors, not just those in
 +   * the consensus we currently have (or are about to have) */
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri,
 +  {
 +    download_status_reset(&ri->cache_info.ei_dl_status);
 +  });
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH(routerlist->old_routers, signed_descriptor_t *, sd,
 +  {
 +    download_status_reset(&sd->ei_dl_status);
 +  });
 +}
 +
 +/** Any changes in a router descriptor's publication time larger than this are
 + * automatically non-cosmetic. */
 +#define ROUTER_MAX_COSMETIC_TIME_DIFFERENCE (2*60*60)
 +
 +/** We allow uptime to vary from how much it ought to be by this much. */
 +#define ROUTER_ALLOW_UPTIME_DRIFT (6*60*60)
 +
 +/** Return true iff the only differences between r1 and r2 are such that
 + * would not cause a recent (post 0.1.1.6) dirserver to republish.
 + */
 +int
 +router_differences_are_cosmetic(const routerinfo_t *r1, const routerinfo_t *r2)
 +{
 +  time_t r1pub, r2pub;
-   long time_difference;
++  time_t time_difference;
 +  tor_assert(r1 && r2);
 +
 +  /* r1 should be the one that was published first. */
 +  if (r1->cache_info.published_on > r2->cache_info.published_on) {
 +    const routerinfo_t *ri_tmp = r2;
 +    r2 = r1;
 +    r1 = ri_tmp;
 +  }
 +
 +  /* If any key fields differ, they're different. */
 +  if (r1->addr != r2->addr ||
 +      strcasecmp(r1->nickname, r2->nickname) ||
 +      r1->or_port != r2->or_port ||
 +      !tor_addr_eq(&r1->ipv6_addr, &r2->ipv6_addr) ||
 +      r1->ipv6_orport != r2->ipv6_orport ||
 +      r1->dir_port != r2->dir_port ||
 +      r1->purpose != r2->purpose ||
 +      r1->onion_pkey_len != r2->onion_pkey_len ||
 +      !tor_memeq(r1->onion_pkey, r2->onion_pkey, r1->onion_pkey_len) ||
 +      !crypto_pk_eq_keys(r1->identity_pkey, r2->identity_pkey) ||
 +      strcasecmp(r1->platform, r2->platform) ||
 +      (r1->contact_info && !r2->contact_info) || /* contact_info is optional */
 +      (!r1->contact_info && r2->contact_info) ||
 +      (r1->contact_info && r2->contact_info &&
 +       strcasecmp(r1->contact_info, r2->contact_info)) ||
 +      r1->is_hibernating != r2->is_hibernating ||
 +      ! addr_policies_eq(r1->exit_policy, r2->exit_policy) ||
 +      (r1->supports_tunnelled_dir_requests !=
 +       r2->supports_tunnelled_dir_requests))
 +    return 0;
 +  if ((r1->declared_family == NULL) != (r2->declared_family == NULL))
 +    return 0;
 +  if (r1->declared_family && r2->declared_family) {
 +    int i, n;
 +    if (smartlist_len(r1->declared_family)!=smartlist_len(r2->declared_family))
 +      return 0;
 +    n = smartlist_len(r1->declared_family);
 +    for (i=0; i < n; ++i) {
 +      if (strcasecmp(smartlist_get(r1->declared_family, i),
 +                     smartlist_get(r2->declared_family, i)))
 +        return 0;
 +    }
 +  }
 +
 +  /* Did bandwidth change a lot? */
 +  if ((r1->bandwidthcapacity < r2->bandwidthcapacity/2) ||
 +      (r2->bandwidthcapacity < r1->bandwidthcapacity/2))
 +    return 0;
 +
 +  /* Did the bandwidthrate or bandwidthburst change? */
 +  if ((r1->bandwidthrate != r2->bandwidthrate) ||
 +      (r1->bandwidthburst != r2->bandwidthburst))
 +    return 0;
 +
 +  /* Did more than 12 hours pass? */
 +  if (r1->cache_info.published_on + ROUTER_MAX_COSMETIC_TIME_DIFFERENCE
 +      < r2->cache_info.published_on)
 +    return 0;
 +
 +  /* Did uptime fail to increase by approximately the amount we would think,
 +   * give or take some slop? */
 +  r1pub = r1->cache_info.published_on;
 +  r2pub = r2->cache_info.published_on;
-   time_difference = labs(r2->uptime - (r1->uptime + (r2pub - r1pub)));
++  time_difference = r2->uptime - (r1->uptime + (r2pub - r1pub));
++  if (time_difference < 0)
++    time_difference = - time_difference;
 +  if (time_difference > ROUTER_ALLOW_UPTIME_DRIFT &&
 +      time_difference > r1->uptime * .05 &&
 +      time_difference > r2->uptime * .05)
 +    return 0;
 +
 +  /* Otherwise, the difference is cosmetic. */
 +  return 1;
 +}
 +
 +/** Check whether <b>sd</b> describes a router descriptor compatible with the
 + * extrainfo document <b>ei</b>.
 + *
 + * <b>identity_pkey</b> (which must also be provided) is RSA1024 identity key
 + * for the router. We use it to check the signature of the extrainfo document,
 + * if it has not already been checked.
 + *
 + * If no router is compatible with <b>ei</b>, <b>ei</b> should be
 + * dropped.  Return 0 for "compatible", return 1 for "reject, and inform
 + * whoever uploaded <b>ei</b>, and return -1 for "reject silently.".  If
 + * <b>msg</b> is present, set *<b>msg</b> to a description of the
 + * incompatibility (if any).
 + *
 + * Set the extrainfo_is_bogus field in <b>sd</b> if the digests matched
 + * but the extrainfo was nonetheless incompatible.
 + **/
 +int
 +routerinfo_incompatible_with_extrainfo(const crypto_pk_t *identity_pkey,
 +                                       extrainfo_t *ei,
 +                                       signed_descriptor_t *sd,
 +                                       const char **msg)
 +{
 +  int digest_matches, digest256_matches, r=1;
 +  tor_assert(identity_pkey);
 +  tor_assert(sd);
 +  tor_assert(ei);
 +
 +  if (ei->bad_sig) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo signature was bad, or signed with wrong key.";
 +    return 1;
 +  }
 +
 +  digest_matches = tor_memeq(ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                           sd->extra_info_digest, DIGEST_LEN);
 +  /* Set digest256_matches to 1 if the digest is correct, or if no
 +   * digest256 was in the ri. */
 +  digest256_matches = tor_memeq(ei->digest256,
 +                                sd->extra_info_digest256, DIGEST256_LEN);
 +  digest256_matches |=
 +    tor_mem_is_zero(sd->extra_info_digest256, DIGEST256_LEN);
 +
 +  /* The identity must match exactly to have been generated at the same time
 +   * by the same router. */
 +  if (tor_memneq(sd->identity_digest,
 +                 ei->cache_info.identity_digest,
 +                 DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo nickname or identity did not match routerinfo";
 +    goto err; /* different servers */
 +  }
 +
 +  if (! tor_cert_opt_eq(sd->signing_key_cert,
 +                        ei->cache_info.signing_key_cert)) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo signing key cert didn't match routerinfo";
 +    goto err; /* different servers */
 +  }
 +
 +  if (ei->pending_sig) {
 +    char signed_digest[128];
 +    if (crypto_pk_public_checksig(identity_pkey,
 +                       signed_digest, sizeof(signed_digest),
 +                       ei->pending_sig, ei->pending_sig_len) != DIGEST_LEN ||
 +        tor_memneq(signed_digest, ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +               DIGEST_LEN)) {
 +      ei->bad_sig = 1;
 +      tor_free(ei->pending_sig);
 +      if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo signature bad, or signed with wrong key";
 +      goto err; /* Bad signature, or no match. */
 +    }
 +
 +    ei->cache_info.send_unencrypted = sd->send_unencrypted;
 +    tor_free(ei->pending_sig);
 +  }
 +
 +  if (ei->cache_info.published_on < sd->published_on) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo published time did not match routerdesc";
 +    goto err;
 +  } else if (ei->cache_info.published_on > sd->published_on) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo published time did not match routerdesc";
 +    r = -1;
 +    goto err;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!digest256_matches && !digest_matches) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Neither digest256 or digest matched "
 +               "digest from routerdesc";
 +    goto err;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!digest256_matches) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo digest did not match digest256 from routerdesc";
 +    goto err; /* Digest doesn't match declared value. */
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!digest_matches) {
 +    if (msg) *msg = "Extrainfo digest did not match value from routerdesc";
 +    goto err; /* Digest doesn't match declared value. */
 +  }
 +
 +  return 0;
 + err:
 +  if (digest_matches) {
 +    /* This signature was okay, and the digest was right: This is indeed the
 +     * corresponding extrainfo.  But insanely, it doesn't match the routerinfo
 +     * that lists it.  Don't try to fetch this one again. */
 +    sd->extrainfo_is_bogus = 1;
 +  }
 +
 +  return r;
 +}
 +
 +/* Does ri have a valid ntor onion key?
 + * Valid ntor onion keys exist and have at least one non-zero byte. */
 +int
 +routerinfo_has_curve25519_onion_key(const routerinfo_t *ri)
 +{
 +  if (!ri) {
 +    return 0;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!ri->onion_curve25519_pkey) {
 +    return 0;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (tor_mem_is_zero((const char*)ri->onion_curve25519_pkey->public_key,
 +                      CURVE25519_PUBKEY_LEN)) {
 +    return 0;
 +  }
 +
 +  return 1;
 +}
 +
 +/* Is rs running a tor version known to support EXTEND2 cells?
 + * If allow_unknown_versions is true, return true if we can't tell
 + * (from a versions line or a protocols line) whether it supports extend2
 + * cells.
 + * Otherwise, return false if the version is unknown. */
 +int
 +routerstatus_version_supports_extend2_cells(const routerstatus_t *rs,
 +                                            int allow_unknown_versions)
 +{
 +  if (!rs) {
 +    return allow_unknown_versions;
 +  }
 +
 +  if (!rs->pv.protocols_known) {
 +    return allow_unknown_versions;
 +  }
 +
 +  return rs->pv.supports_extend2_cells;
 +}
 +
 +/** Assert that the internal representation of <b>rl</b> is
 + * self-consistent. */
 +void
 +routerlist_assert_ok(const routerlist_t *rl)
 +{
 +  routerinfo_t *r2;
 +  signed_descriptor_t *sd2;
 +  if (!rl)
 +    return;
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, r) {
 +    r2 = rimap_get(rl->identity_map, r->cache_info.identity_digest);
 +    tor_assert(r == r2);
 +    sd2 = sdmap_get(rl->desc_digest_map,
 +                    r->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest);
 +    tor_assert(&(r->cache_info) == sd2);
 +    tor_assert(r->cache_info.routerlist_index == r_sl_idx);
 +    /* XXXX
 +     *
 +     *   Hoo boy.  We need to fix this one, and the fix is a bit tricky, so
 +     * commenting this out is just a band-aid.
 +     *
 +     *   The problem is that, although well-behaved router descriptors
 +     * should never have the same value for their extra_info_digest, it's
 +     * possible for ill-behaved routers to claim whatever they like there.
 +     *
 +     *   The real answer is to trash desc_by_eid_map and instead have
 +     * something that indicates for a given extra-info digest we want,
 +     * what its download status is.  We'll do that as a part of routerlist
 +     * refactoring once consensus directories are in.  For now,
 +     * this rep violation is probably harmless: an adversary can make us
 +     * reset our retry count for an extrainfo, but that's not the end
 +     * of the world.  Changing the representation in 0.2.0.x would just
 +     * destabilize the codebase.
 +    if (!tor_digest_is_zero(r->cache_info.extra_info_digest)) {
 +      signed_descriptor_t *sd3 =
 +        sdmap_get(rl->desc_by_eid_map, r->cache_info.extra_info_digest);
 +      tor_assert(sd3 == &(r->cache_info));
 +    }
 +    */
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(r);
 +  SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(rl->old_routers, signed_descriptor_t *, sd) {
 +    r2 = rimap_get(rl->identity_map, sd->identity_digest);
 +    tor_assert(!r2 || sd != &(r2->cache_info));
 +    sd2 = sdmap_get(rl->desc_digest_map, sd->signed_descriptor_digest);
 +    tor_assert(sd == sd2);
 +    tor_assert(sd->routerlist_index == sd_sl_idx);
 +    /* XXXX see above.
 +    if (!tor_digest_is_zero(sd->extra_info_digest)) {
 +      signed_descriptor_t *sd3 =
 +        sdmap_get(rl->desc_by_eid_map, sd->extra_info_digest);
 +      tor_assert(sd3 == sd);
 +    }
 +    */
 +  } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(sd);
 +
 +  RIMAP_FOREACH(rl->identity_map, d, r) {
 +    tor_assert(tor_memeq(r->cache_info.identity_digest, d, DIGEST_LEN));
 +  } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
 +  SDMAP_FOREACH(rl->desc_digest_map, d, sd) {
 +    tor_assert(tor_memeq(sd->signed_descriptor_digest, d, DIGEST_LEN));
 +  } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
 +  SDMAP_FOREACH(rl->desc_by_eid_map, d, sd) {
 +    tor_assert(!tor_digest_is_zero(d));
 +    tor_assert(sd);
 +    tor_assert(tor_memeq(sd->extra_info_digest, d, DIGEST_LEN));
 +  } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
 +  EIMAP_FOREACH(rl->extra_info_map, d, ei) {
 +    signed_descriptor_t *sd;
 +    tor_assert(tor_memeq(ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                       d, DIGEST_LEN));
 +    sd = sdmap_get(rl->desc_by_eid_map,
 +                   ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest);
 +    // tor_assert(sd); // XXXX see above
 +    if (sd) {
 +      tor_assert(tor_memeq(ei->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest,
 +                         sd->extra_info_digest, DIGEST_LEN));
 +    }
 +  } DIGESTMAP_FOREACH_END;
 +}
 +
 +/** Allocate and return a new string representing the contact info
 + * and platform string for <b>router</b>,
 + * surrounded by quotes and using standard C escapes.
 + *
 + * THIS FUNCTION IS NOT REENTRANT.  Don't call it from outside the main
 + * thread.  Also, each call invalidates the last-returned value, so don't
 + * try log_warn(LD_GENERAL, "%s %s", esc_router_info(a), esc_router_info(b));
 + *
 + * If <b>router</b> is NULL, it just frees its internal memory and returns.
 + */
 +const char *
 +esc_router_info(const routerinfo_t *router)
 +{
 +  static char *info=NULL;
 +  char *esc_contact, *esc_platform;
 +  tor_free(info);
 +
 +  if (!router)
 +    return NULL; /* we're exiting; just free the memory we use */
 +
 +  esc_contact = esc_for_log(router->contact_info);
 +  esc_platform = esc_for_log(router->platform);
 +
 +  tor_asprintf(&info, "Contact %s, Platform %s", esc_contact, esc_platform);
 +  tor_free(esc_contact);
 +  tor_free(esc_platform);
 +
 +  return info;
 +}
 +
 +/** Helper for sorting: compare two routerinfos by their identity
 + * digest. */
 +static int
 +compare_routerinfo_by_id_digest_(const void **a, const void **b)
 +{
 +  routerinfo_t *first = *(routerinfo_t **)a, *second = *(routerinfo_t **)b;
 +  return fast_memcmp(first->cache_info.identity_digest,
 +                second->cache_info.identity_digest,
 +                DIGEST_LEN);
 +}
 +
 +/** Sort a list of routerinfo_t in ascending order of identity digest. */
 +void
 +routers_sort_by_identity(smartlist_t *routers)
 +{
 +  smartlist_sort(routers, compare_routerinfo_by_id_digest_);
 +}
 +
 +/** Called when we change a node set, or when we reload the geoip IPv4 list:
 + * recompute all country info in all configuration node sets and in the
 + * routerlist. */
 +void
 +refresh_all_country_info(void)
 +{
 +  const or_options_t *options = get_options();
 +
 +  if (options->EntryNodes)
 +    routerset_refresh_countries(options->EntryNodes);
 +  if (options->ExitNodes)
 +    routerset_refresh_countries(options->ExitNodes);
 +  if (options->ExcludeNodes)
 +    routerset_refresh_countries(options->ExcludeNodes);
 +  if (options->ExcludeExitNodes)
 +    routerset_refresh_countries(options->ExcludeExitNodes);
 +  if (options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_)
 +    routerset_refresh_countries(options->ExcludeExitNodesUnion_);
 +
 +  nodelist_refresh_countries();
 +}

    

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