[webwml/master] Update remaning things in design doc for 7.0.X
commit 5eb4e7a850b8bffd964059c52d22ae804fa713ed Author: Georg Koppen <gk@torproject.org> Date: Thu Jan 25 12:24:08 2018 +0000 Update remaning things in design doc for 7.0.X --- projects/torbrowser/design/index.html.en | 112 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------- 1 file changed, 89 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) diff --git a/projects/torbrowser/design/index.html.en b/projects/torbrowser/design/index.html.en index 79c00f2a..49e710a7 100644 --- a/projects/torbrowser/design/index.html.en +++ b/projects/torbrowser/design/index.html.en @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The Design and Implementation of the Tor Browser [DRAFT]</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /></head><body><div class="article"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="design"></a>The Design and Implementation of the Tor Browser [DRAFT]</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mike</span> <span class="surname">Perry</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:mikeperry#torproject org">mikeperry#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Erinn</span> <span class="surname">Clark</span></h3><div class="a ffiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:erinn#torproject org">erinn#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Steven</span> <span class="surname">Murdoch</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:sjmurdoch#torproject org">sjmurdoch#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Georg</span> <span class="surname">Koppen</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:gk#torproject org">gk#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">January 24th, 2018</p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#idm29">1. Introduct ion</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components">1.1. Browser Component Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#DesignRequirements">2. Design Requirements and Philosophy</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#security">2.1. Security Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#privacy">2.2. Privacy Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#philosophy">2.3. Philosophy</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#adversary">3. Adversary Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#adversary-goals">3.1. Adversary Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#adversary-positioning">3.2. Adversary Capabilities - Positioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#attacks">3.3. Adversary Capabilities - Attacks</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#Implementation">4. Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#proxy-obedience">4.1. Proxy Obedience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#state-separation">4.2. State Separation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#disk-avoidance">4.3. Disk Avoidance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#app-data-isolation">4.4. Application Data Isolation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#identifier-linkability">4.5. Cross-Origin Identifier Unlinkability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fingerprinting-linkability">4.6. Cross-Origin Fingerprinting Unlinkability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#new-identity">4.7. Long-Term Unlinkability via "New Identity" button</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#other-security">4.8. Other Security Measures</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#BuildSecurity">5. Build Security and Package Integrity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#idm1107">5.1. Achieving Binary Reprod ucibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#idm1139">5.2. Package Signatures and Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#idm1146">5.3. Anonymous Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#update-safety">5.4. Update Safety</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#Transparency">A. Towards Transparency in Navigation Tracking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#deprecate">A.1. Deprecation Wishlist</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#idm1189">A.2. Promising Standards</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="idm29"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>The Design and Implementation of the Tor Browser [DRAFT]</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1" /></head><body><div class="article"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a id="design"></a>The Design and Implementation of the Tor Browser [DRAFT]</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Mike</span> <span class="surname">Perry</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:mikeperry#torproject org">mikeperry#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Erinn</span> <span class="surname">Clark</span></h3><div class="a ffiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:erinn#torproject org">erinn#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Steven</span> <span class="surname">Murdoch</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:sjmurdoch#torproject org">sjmurdoch#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Georg</span> <span class="surname">Koppen</span></h3><div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:gk#torproject org">gk#torproject org</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">January 25th, 2018</p></div></div><hr /></div><div class="toc"><p><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#idm29">1. Introduct ion</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components">1.1. Browser Component Overview</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#DesignRequirements">2. Design Requirements and Philosophy</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#security">2.1. Security Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#privacy">2.2. Privacy Requirements</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#philosophy">2.3. Philosophy</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#adversary">3. Adversary Model</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#adversary-goals">3.1. Adversary Goals</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#adversary-positioning">3.2. Adversary Capabilities - Positioning</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#attacks">3.3. Adversary Capabilities - Attacks</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#Implementation">4. Implementation</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#proxy-obedience">4.1. Proxy Obedience</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#state-separation">4.2. State Separation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#disk-avoidance">4.3. Disk Avoidance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#app-data-isolation">4.4. Application Data Isolation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#identifier-linkability">4.5. Cross-Origin Identifier Unlinkability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fingerprinting-linkability">4.6. Cross-Origin Fingerprinting Unlinkability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#new-identity">4.7. Long-Term Unlinkability via "New Identity" button</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#other-security">4.8. Other Security Measures</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#BuildSecurity">5. Build Security and Package Integrity</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#idm1144">5.1. Achieving Binary Reprod ucibility</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#idm1176">5.2. Package Signatures and Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#idm1183">5.3. Anonymous Verification</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#update-safety">5.4. Update Safety</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#Transparency">A. Towards Transparency in Navigation Tracking</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#deprecate">A.1. Deprecation Wishlist</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#idm1226">A.2. Promising Standards</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="idm29"></a>1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div><p> This document describes the <a class="link" href="#adversary" title="3. Adversary Model">adversary model</a>, <a class="link" href="#DesignRequirements" title="2. Design Requirements and Philosophy">design requirements</a>, and <a class="link" href="#Implementation" title="4. Implementation">implementation</a> of the Tor Browser. It is current as of Tor Browser @@ -1746,6 +1746,21 @@ to the surface. That is achieved by a direct Firefox patch</a> which reports back <span class="command"><strong>1</strong></span> for the first two properties and <span class="command"><strong>0.0</strong></span> for the two last ones. + </p></li><li class="listitem"><span class="command"><strong>Battery Status API</strong></span><p> + +The Battery Status API provides access to information about the system's battery +charge level. From Firefox 52 on it is disabled for web content. Initially, it +was possible on Linux to get a double-precision floating point value for the +charge level, which means there was a large number of possible values making it +almost behave like an identifier allowing to track a user cross-origin. But +still after that got fixed (and on other platforms where the precision was just +two significant digits anyway) the risk for tracking users remained as combined +with the <span class="command"><strong>chargingTime</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong>dischargingTime</strong></span> +the possible values <a class="ulink" href="https://senglehardt.com/papers/iwpe17_battery_status_case_study.pdf" target="_top"> +got estimated to be in the millons</a> under normal conditions. We avoid all +those possible issues with disabling the Battery Status API by setting +<span class="command"><strong>dom.battery.enabled</strong></span> to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span>. + </p></li><li class="listitem"><span class="command"><strong>System Uptime</strong></span><p> It is possible to get the system uptime of a Tor Browser user by querying the @@ -1853,10 +1868,15 @@ against timing-based side channel fingerprinting risks. Due to <a class="ulink" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=863246" target="_top">bugs </a> <a class="ulink" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1120398" target="_top"> in Firefox</a> it is possible to detect the locale and the platform of a -Tor Browser user. Moreover, it is possible to find out the extensions a user has -installed. This is done by including resource:// and/or chrome:// URIs into -web content which point to resources included in Tor Browser itself or in -installed extensions. +Tor Browser user. Moreover, it is possible to +<a class="ulink" href="https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/usenixsecurity17/sec17-sanche..." target="_top"> +find out the extensions</a> a user has installed. This is done by +including resource:// and/or chrome:// URIs into web content, which point to +resources included in Tor Browser itself or in installed extensions, and +exploiting the different behavior resulting out of that: the browser raises +an exception if a webpage requests a resource but the extension is not +installed. This does not happen if the extension is indeed installed but the +resource path does not exist. </p><p> We believe that it should be impossible for web content to extract information @@ -1986,6 +2006,27 @@ uniform but rather <a class="ulink" href="https://bugs.torproject.org/22127" tar a bucket approach</a> as we currently do in our defense against screen size exfiltration. + </p></li><li class="listitem"><span class="command"><strong>Web Audio API</strong></span><p> + +The <a class="ulink" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Web_Audio_API" target="_top"> +Web Audio API</a> provides several means to aid in fingerprinting users. +At the simplest level it allows differentiating between users having the API +available and those who don't by checking for an <span class="command"><strong>AudioContext</strong></span> +or <span class="command"><strong>OscillatorNode</strong></span> object. However, there are more bits of +information that the Web Audio API reveals if audio signals generated with an +<span class="command"><strong>OscillatorNode</strong></span> are processed as +<a class="ulink" href="https://senglehardt.com/papers/ccs16_online_tracking.pdf" target="_top">hardware +and software differences</a> influence those results. + + </p><p> + +We disable the Web Audio API by setting <span class="command"><strong>dom.webaudio.enabled</strong></span> +to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span>. That has the positive side effect that it disables +one of several means to perform +<a class="ulink" href="https://petsymposium.org/2017/papers/issue2/paper18-2017-2-source.pdf" target="_top"> +ultrasound cross-device tracking</a> as well, which is based on having +<span class="command"><strong>AudioContext</strong></span> available. + </p></li><li class="listitem"><span class="command"><strong>MediaError.message</strong></span><p> The <span class="command"><strong>MediaError</strong></span> object allows the user agent to report errors @@ -2039,14 +2080,41 @@ datareporting.healthreport.about.reportUrlUnified</strong></span> to <span class data:text/plain,</strong></span>. The same is done with <span class="command"><strong> datareporting.healthreport.about.reportUrl</strong></span> and the new tiles feature related <span class="command"><strong>browser.newtabpage.directory.ping</strong></span> and <span class="command"><strong> -browser.newtabpage.directory.source</strong></span> preferences. Additionally, we -disable the UITour backend by setting <span class="command"><strong>browser.uitour.enabled</strong></span> -to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span>. Finally, we provide <a class="ulink" href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor-browser.git/commit/?h=tor-browser-52.5.2esr-7.0-2&id=9f24ce35cd8776a0f7c3a4d54992ecb0eaad6311" target="_top">a patch</a> +browser.newtabpage.directory.source</strong></span> preferences. +<span class="command"><strong>browser.newtabpage.remote</strong></span> is set to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span> +in this context as well, as a defense-in-depth given that this feature is +already of by default. Additionally, we disable the UITour backend by setting +<span class="command"><strong>browser.uitour.enabled</strong></span> to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span> and avoid +getting Mozilla experiments installed into Tor Browser by flipping +<span class="command"><strong>experiments.enabled</strong></span> to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span>. On the +update side we prevent the browser from pinging the new +<a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Firefox/Kinto" target="_top">Kinto</a> service for +blocklist updates as it is not used for it yet anyway. This is done by setting +<span class="command"><strong>services.blocklist.update_enabled</strong></span> to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span>. +The captive portal detection code is disabled as well as it phones home to +Mozilla. We set <span class="command"><strong>network.captive-portal-service.enabled</strong></span> to +<span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span> to achieve that. Unrelated to that we make sure that +Mozilla does not get bothered with TLS error reports from Tor Browser users by +hiding the respective checkbox with +<span class="command"><strong>security.ssl.errorReporting.enabled</strong></span> set to +<span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span>. And while we have the Push API disabled as there are +no Service Workers available in Tor Browser yet, we remove the value for +<span class="command"><strong>dom.push.serverURL</strong></span> as a defense-in-depth. Finally, we provide +<a class="ulink" href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor-browser.git/commit/?h=tor-browser-52.5.2esr-7.0-2&id=9f24ce35cd8776a0f7c3a4d54992ecb0eaad6311" target="_top">a patch</a> to prevent Mozilla's websites from querying whether particular extensions are installed and what their state in Tor Browser is by using the <span class="command"><strong>window.navigator.AddonManager</strong></span> API. As a defense-in-depth the patch makes sure that not only Mozilla's websites can't get at that information but that the whitelist governing this access is empty in general. + + </p><p> + +We have <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Safe_Browsing" target="_top">Safebrowsing</a> +disabled in Tor Browser. In order to avoid pinging providers for list updates we +remove the entries for <span class="command"><strong>browser.safebrowsing.provider.mozilla.updateURL</strong></span> +and <span class="command"><strong>browser.safebrowsing.provider.mozilla.gethashURL</strong></span> (and the +values for Google related preferences as well). + </p></li><li class="listitem"><span class="command"><strong>Operating System Type Fingerprinting</strong></span><p> As we mentioned in the introduction of this section, OS type fingerprinting is @@ -2070,13 +2138,11 @@ tag on our bug tracker</a>. </p><p><span class="command"><strong>Implementation Status:</strong></span> -At least three HTML5 features have different implementation status across the -major OS vendors and/or the underlying hardware: the <a class="ulink" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.navigator.battery" target="_top">Battery -API</a>, the <a class="ulink" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.navigator.connection" target="_top">Network +At least two HTML5 features have a different implementation status across the +major OS vendors and/or the underlying hardware: the <a class="ulink" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.navigator.connection" target="_top">Network Connection API</a>, and the <a class="ulink" href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Sensor_API" target="_top">Sensor API</a>. We disable these APIs through the Firefox preferences -<span class="command"><strong>dom.battery.enabled</strong></span>, -<span class="command"><strong>dom.network.enabled</strong></span>, and -<span class="command"><strong>device.sensors.enabled</strong></span>. +<span class="command"><strong>dom.network.enabled</strong></span> and +<span class="command"><strong>device.sensors.enabled</strong></span>, setting both to <span class="command"><strong>false</strong></span>. </p></li></ol></div><p> For more details on fingerprinting bugs and enhancements, see the <a class="ulink" href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/query?keywords=~tbb-fingerprinting&status=!closed" target="_top">tbb-fingerprinting tag in our bug tracker</a> @@ -2086,11 +2152,11 @@ In order to avoid long-term linkability, we provide a "New Identity" context menu option in Torbutton. This context menu option is active if Torbutton can read the environment variables $TOR_CONTROL_PASSWD and $TOR_CONTROL_PORT. - </p><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1011"></a>Design Goal:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"> + </p><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1048"></a>Design Goal:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"> All linkable identifiers and browser state MUST be cleared by this feature. - </blockquote></div></div><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1014"></a>Implementation Status:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> + </blockquote></div></div><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1051"></a>Implementation Status:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> First, Torbutton disables JavaScript in all open tabs and windows by using both the <a class="ulink" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/XPCOM_Interface_Reference/nsIDocShe..." target="_top">browser.docShell.allowJavaScript</a> @@ -2195,7 +2261,7 @@ images (<span class="command"><strong>svg.in-content.enabled</strong></span>). Fingerprinting</a> is a statistical attack to attempt to recognize specific encrypted website activity. - </p><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1072"></a>Design Goal:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> + </p><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1109"></a>Design Goal:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> We want to deploy a mechanism that reduces the accuracy of <a class="ulink" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_selection" target="_top">useful features</a> available for classification. This mechanism would either impact the true and false @@ -2217,7 +2283,7 @@ Congestion-Sensitive BUFLO</a>. It may be also possible to <a class="ulink" href defenses</a> such that they only use existing spare Guard bandwidth capacity in the Tor network, making them also effectively no-overhead. - </p></blockquote></div></div><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1084"></a>Implementation Status:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> + </p></blockquote></div></div><div class="sect3"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title"><a id="idm1121"></a>Implementation Status:</h4></div></div></div><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> Currently, we patch Firefox to <a class="ulink" href="https://gitweb.torproject.org/tor-browser.git/commit/?h=tor-browser-52.5.2esr-7.0-2&id=b9fa77472aa67e26bd46a5ca889b20ce3448f9d1" target="_top">randomize pipeline order and depth</a>. Unfortunately, pipelining is very fragile. Many sites do not support it, and even sites that advertise support for @@ -2282,7 +2348,7 @@ contend with. For this reason, we have deployed a build system that allows anyone to use our source code to reproduce byte-for-byte identical binary packages to the ones that we distribute. - </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm1107"></a>5.1. Achieving Binary Reproducibility</h3></div></div></div><p> + </p><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm1144"></a>5.1. Achieving Binary Reproducibility</h3></div></div></div><p> The GNU toolchain has been working on providing reproducible builds for some time, however a large software project such as Firefox typically ends up @@ -2390,7 +2456,7 @@ particular: libgmp) attempt to detect the current CPU to determine which optimizations to compile in. This CPU type is uniform on our KVM instances, but differs under LXC. - </p></li></ol></div></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm1139"></a>5.2. Package Signatures and Verification</h3></div></div></div><p> + </p></li></ol></div></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm1176"></a>5.2. Package Signatures and Verification</h3></div></div></div><p> The build process generates a single sha256sums-unsigned-build.txt file that contains a sorted list of the SHA-256 hashes of every package produced for that @@ -2423,7 +2489,7 @@ In order to verify package integrity, the signature must be stripped off using the osslsigncode tool, as described on the <a class="ulink" href="https://www.torproject.org/docs/verifying-signatures.html.en#BuildVerificati..." target="_top">Signature Verification</a> page. - </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm1146"></a>5.3. Anonymous Verification</h3></div></div></div><p> + </p></div><div class="sect2"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a id="idm1183"></a>5.3. Anonymous Verification</h3></div></div></div><p> Due to the fact that bit-identical packages can be produced by anyone, the security of this build system extends beyond the security of the official @@ -2517,7 +2583,7 @@ through the source URL parameters. </p><p> We believe the Referer header should be made explicit, and believe that Referrer -Policy provides a <a class="ulink" href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-header" target="_top"> +Policy, which is available since Firefox 52, provides a <a class="ulink" href="https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-header" target="_top"> decent step in this direction</a>. If a site wishes to transmit its URL to third party content elements during load or during link-click, it should have to specify this as a property of the associated <a class="ulink" href="https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2015/01/21/meta-referrer/" target="_top"> @@ -2559,7 +2625,7 @@ possible for us to <a class="ulink" href="https://trac.torproject.org/projects/t ourselves</a>, as they are comparatively rare and can be handled with site permissions. - </p></li></ol></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="idm1189"></a>A.2. Promising Standards</h2></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><a class="ulink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213034335/http://web-send.org:80/" target="_top">Web-Send Introducer</a><p> + </p></li></ol></div></div><div class="sect1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a id="idm1226"></a>A.2. Promising Standards</h2></div></div></div><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem"><a class="ulink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213034335/http://web-send.org:80/" target="_top">Web-Send Introducer</a><p> Web-Send is a browser-based link sharing and federated login widget that is designed to operate without relying on third-party tracking or abusing other
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