commit 289854f750c596d264886cb2daf87d2c3f9506d9 Author: hiro <hiro@torproject.org> Date: Wed Mar 24 16:23:51 2021 +0100 Edit model and block plus templates. Layout is maybe a reserved field? --- .../training/resources/tor-training/contents.lr | 457 +-------------------- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 456 deletions(-) diff --git a/content/training/resources/tor-training/contents.lr b/content/training/resources/tor-training/contents.lr index 817cd54..10235b7 100644 --- a/content/training/resources/tor-training/contents.lr +++ b/content/training/resources/tor-training/contents.lr @@ -61,459 +61,4 @@ title: Types of Relays slide-layout: title-slide ---- background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Guard/middle (aka non-exit) relay ----- -description: -- A guard is the first relay in the chain of 3 relays building a Tor circuit. -- A middle relay is neither a guard nor an exit, but acts as the second hop between the two. -- To become a guard, a relay has to be stable and fast (at least 2MByte/s) otherwise it will remain a middle relay. - - -#### slide #### -title: Exit relay ----- -description: -- The exit relay is the final relay in a Tor circuit, the one that sends traffic out its destination. -- That's why exit relays have the greatest legal exposure and liability of all the relays. -- Before running an exit relay, check it with your local digital rights organization. -- **You should not run a Tor exit relay from your home** - - -#### slide #### -title: Bridge ----- -description: -- A bridge is a node in the network that isn't listed in the public Tor directory, which make it harder for ISPs and governments to block it. -- Bridges are relatively easy, low-risk and low bandwidth Tor nodes to operate. -- And there's another special kind of bridge: Pluggable transports. It hides your tor traffic by adding an additional layer of obfuscation. - - -#### slide #### -title: The lifecycle of a new relay ----- -description: -Non-exit relays pass by a lifecycle of four phases (defined by days): -- Days 0-3: the unmeasured phase -- Days 3-8: network authorities start the remote measurement phase (the ramp-up guard phase) -- Days 8-68: guard phase (where load counter intuitively drops and then rises higher) - - -#### slide #### -title: The lifecycle of a new relay ----- -description: -- And after 68 days, if the relay is stable and fast enough, it receives a Guard flag (steady-state guard phase). -- Exit relays also have a lifecycle more or less similar. -- Read about all the phases in: [https://blog.torproject.org/lifecycle-new-relay](https://blog.torproject.org/lifecycle-new-relay) - - -#### slide #### -title: Relay requirements ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Before we start ----- -description: -- Never run a relay without the consent of network administrator or machine owner. Read the Terms of Service (ToS) first, so you don’t lose money. -- Choose which type of relay you will host. Non-exit relay is a easy way to start helping the network. -- Read the documentation: [https://torproject.org/tor-relays](https://torproject.org/tor-relays) - - -#### slide #### -title: Bandwidth requirements ----- -description: -- At least 16 Mbit/s (Mbps) upload and download bandwidth available for Tor. More is better. -- The minimum requirements for a relay are 10 Mbit/s (Mbps). -- If you have less than 10 Mbit/s but at least 1 Mbit/s we recommend you run a bridge with obfs4 support. - - -#### slide #### -title: Monthly outbound traffic ----- -description: -- It is required to use a minimum of 100 GByte of outbound/incoming traffic per month. -- If you have a metered plan you might want to configure tor to only use a given amount of bandwidth or monthly traffic. -- More (>2 TB/month) is better and recommended - - -#### slide #### -title: Public IPv4 address ----- -description: -- Every relay needs a public IPv4 address - either directly on the host (preferred) or via NAT and port forwarding. -- The IPv4 address is not required to be static but static IP addresses are preferred. -- Your IPv4 address should remain unchanged for at least 3 hours (network consensus). -- You can only run two Tor relays per public IPv4. - - -#### slide #### -title: Other requirements ----- -description: -- Memory: A <40 Mbit/s non-exit relay should have at least 512 MB of RAM available. -- Disk storage: Tor does not need much disk storage. A typical Tor relay needs less than 200 MB. - - -#### slide #### -title: Other requirements ----- -description: -- Any modern CPU should be fine. -- Uptime: Ideally the relay runs on a server which runs 24/7. - - -#### slide #### -title: Choosing your relay hosting ----- -description: -- Tor community maintain the list GoodBadISPs, about the experience of running relays: https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/doc/GoodBadISPs -- Some providers only allow non-exit relays, so before buying a service, check the GoodBadISPs. - - -#### slide #### -title: Choosing your relay hosting ----- -description: -- This can cost anywhere between $3.00/mo and thousands per month. - - -#### slide #### -title: Technical setup ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - Debian/Ubuntu ----- -description: -- Enable the Torproject package repository -- Install the tor package - -``` - $ apt update && apt install tor -``` - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - Debian/Ubuntu ----- -description: -- Put the configuration file `/etc/tor/torrc` in place: -``` - Nickname myNiceRelay - ExitRelay 0 - SocksPort 0 - ControORPort 443 - lSocket 0 - ContactInfo tor-operator@your-emailaddress-domain - Log notice syslog -``` - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - Debian/Ubuntu ----- -description: -- Restart the tor daemon: - -``` - $ systemctl restart tor@default -``` - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - FreeBSD ----- -description: -- Install the tor package - -``` - pkg install tor ca_root_nss -``` - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - FreeBSD ----- -description: - - Edit the configuration `file/usr/local/etc/tor/torrc` - -``` - Nickname myNiceRelay - ORPort 9001 - ExitRelay 0 - SocksPort 0 - ControlSocket 0 - ContactInfo tor-operator@your-emailaddress-domain - Log notice syslog -``` - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - FreeBSD ----- -description: -- Ensure that the random_id sysctl setting is enabled: - -``` - echo "net.inet.ip.random_id=1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf - sysctl net.inet.ip.random_id=1 -``` - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - FreeBSD ----- -description: -- Start the tor daemon and make sure it starts at boot: - -``` - sysrc tor_enable=YES - service tor start -``` - - -#### slide #### -title: Non-exit relay - FreeBSD ----- -description: -Optional, but recommended to get package updates faster: -[https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/TorRelayGuide/FreeBSD](https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/wiki/TorRelayGuide/FreeBSD) - - -#### slide #### -title: Verify that your relay works ----- -description: - -After restarting the service, verify in the log file if it contains the following entry: -``` - Self-testing indicates your ORPort is - reachable from the outside. - Excellent. - Publishing server descriptor. -``` - -About 3 hours after you started your relay it should appear on Metrics portal in Relay Search. - - -#### slide #### -title: More about relays ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Technical tips ----- -description: -- Enable automatic software updates. -- Backup your Tor Identity Keys. -- It’s possible to limit bandwidth usage (and traffic). Check the parameters, for example: AccountingMax, AccountingRule, AccountingStart. -- If run more than one Tor relay, you need to set MyFamily parameter. - - -#### slide #### -title: Orchestrating ----- -description: -- Running multiple relays by hand can be challenging. -- Configuration management tools can make the relay operator life easier: -- Ansible-relayor: [http://github.com/nusenu/ansible-relayor](http://github.com/nusenu/ansible-relayor) -- Bash script: [https://github.com/coldhakca/tor-relay-bootstrap](https://github.com/coldhakca/tor-relay-bootstrap) - - -#### slide #### -title: Metrics ----- -description: -- Metrics portal - [https://metrics.torproject.org](https://metrics.torproject.org) -- It’s possible to search: how many relays are in the network, how many are exit, etc -- In 2019 there are ~6,600 relays and ~1,500 bridges. -- Check: how many relays are in your country? Who run these relays? How diverse it is? - - -#### slide #### -title: Network diversity ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Monoculture ----- -description: -- A single kernel vulnerability in GNU/Linux impacting Tor relays could be devastating. -- Diversity of Operating System (OS): ~90% of relays are Linux. - - -#### slide #### -title: Monoculture ----- -description: -- Diversity of Autonomous System (AS). Try to avoid the following hosters: OVH SAS (AS16276), Online S.a.s. (AS12876), Hetzner Online GmbH (AS24940), DigitalOcean, LLC (AS14061). - - -#### slide #### -title: More about exit relays ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Legal information ----- -description: -- In many countries there are regulations that exclude communication service providers from liability. -- It's a good idea to consult with a lawyer or your local digital rights organization. -- Under most circumstances you will be able to handle legal matters by having an abuse response letter. - - -#### slide #### -title: Legal resources ----- -description: -- The EFF Tor Legal FAQ: -[https://community.torproject.org/relay/community-resources/eff-tor-legal-faq/](https://community.torproject.org/relay/community-resources/eff-tor-legal-faq/) -- It’s important to respond to abuse complaints in a timely manner (usually within 24 hours). -- Abuse templates letters: -[https://community.torproject.org/relay/community-resources/tor-abuse-templates](https://community.torproject.org/relay/community-resources/tor-abuse-templates) - - -#### slide #### -title: Running relays with others ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Running a relay with others ----- -description: -- You can work with your university department, employer or institution, or an organization like [Torservers.org](Torservers.org) -- [Torservers.org](Torservers.org) is an independent, global network of organizations that helps the Tor network by running high bandwidth Tor relays. -- In many countries operating as a corporation instead of as an individual can also get you certain legal protections. - - -#### slide #### -title: Relays associations ----- -description: -- It’s often advised to create some type of non-profit corporation. This is useful for having a bank account and shared ownership. -- To start a relay association, the most important thing is to have a group of people (3-5 suggested to start) interested in helping. -- For example: Torservers.org, Cold Hak, enn.lu, nos-oignons. - - -#### slide #### -title: Running a relay with universities ----- -description: -- Universities are typically home to a reliable, robust, and well-equipped network. -- Many computer science departments and university libraries run relays, i.e., Massachussetts Institute of Technology (MIT CSAIL), Universitaet Stuttgart, the University of Waterloo. - - -#### slide #### -title: Running a relay with universities ----- -description: -- Start running a relay campaign in your university: [https://www.eff.org/torchallenge/tor-on-campus.html](https://www.eff.org/torchallenge/tor-on-campus.html) - - -#### slide #### -title: At your company or organization ----- -description: -- If you work at a Tor-friendly company or organization, that's another ideal place to run a relay. -- Companies like Brass Horn Communications, Quintex Alliance Consulting, and OmuraVPN -- And organizations like Digital Courage, Access Now, Derechos Digitales, and Lebanon Libraries in New Hampshire. - - -#### slide #### -title: Bad relays ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: What is a bad relay? ----- -description: -- A bad relay is one that either doesn't work properly or tampers with our users' connections. This can be either through maliciousness or misconfiguration. - - -#### slide #### -title: What is a bad relay? ----- -description: -- For example: tampering with exit traffic in any way (including dropping accepted connections). Or, running HSDirs that harvest and probe .onion addresses - - -#### slide #### -title: Reporting a bad relay ----- -description: -- Bad relays is also a private working group in Tor Project to detect misconfigured, malicious, or suspicious relay. -- Users can report bad relays sending an email to bad-relays@lists.torproject.org with the relay's IP address or fingerprint, what kind of behavior did you see, and any additional information it’s needed to reproduce the issue. - - -#### slide #### -title: What happens to bad relays? ----- -description: -- After a relay is reported and we've verified the behavior we'll attempt to contact the relay operator. -- We'll flag it to prevent it from continuing to be used (BadExit, Invalid, Reject). -- The working group actively look for bad relays using open source tools like: exitmap, sysbilhunter. - - -#### slide #### -title: How do I get help running a Tor relay? ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' - - -#### slide #### -title: Getting help ----- -description: -- Read the Tor Relay Guide documentation before: -- [https://torproject.org/relay-guide](https://torproject.org/relay-guide) -- Search the mailing list archive: tor-relays in [https://lists.torproject.org](https://lists.torproject.org) -- Join the IRC channel: #tor-relays in irc.oftc.net - - -#### slide #### -title: Thank you! ----- -author: -name - email@example.com ----- -subtitle: -PGP FINGERPRINT ----- -slide-layout: title-slide ----- -background-image: '/static/images/onion-white.png' +---