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[tor/master] Tweak bug2716 patch a little
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit 176fde505fde38afa56ddce04606118b9080546e Author: Nick Mathewson <nickm(a)torproject.org> Date: Sat Mar 12 00:19:52 2011 -0500 Tweak bug2716 patch a little Name the magic value "10" rather than re-deriving it. Comment more. Use the pattern that works for periodic timers, not the pattern that doesn't work. ;) --- src/or/dirserv.c | 12 +++++++++--- src/or/dirserv.h | 6 +++++- src/or/main.c | 4 +++- 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.c b/src/or/dirserv.c index 7386927..b68e005 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@ -969,11 +969,17 @@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) } if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) { - /* not considered reachable. tell rephist. */ + /* Not considered reachable. tell rephist about that. + + Because we launch a reachability test for each router every + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds, then the router has probably + been down since at least that time after we last successfully reached + it. + */ time_t when = now; if (router->last_reachable && - router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD < now) - when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD; + router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD < now) + when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD; rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when); } diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.h b/src/or/dirserv.h index 949482b..569abfc 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.h +++ b/src/or/dirserv.h @@ -17,8 +17,12 @@ * test? */ #define REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST 128 +/** How often (in seconds) do we launch reachability tests? */ +#define REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL 10 + /** How many seconds apart are the reachability tests for a given relay? */ -#define REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD (10*REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) +#define REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD \ + (REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL*REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) /** Maximum length of an exit policy summary. */ #define MAX_EXITPOLICY_SUMMARY_LEN 1000 diff --git a/src/or/main.c b/src/or/main.c index 558608e..214a4fa 100644 --- a/src/or/main.c +++ b/src/or/main.c @@ -872,6 +872,7 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now) static time_t time_to_check_for_expired_networkstatus = 0; static time_t time_to_write_stats_files = 0; static time_t time_to_write_bridge_stats = 0; + static time_t time_to_launch_reachability_tests = 0; static int should_init_bridge_stats = 1; static time_t time_to_retry_dns_init = 0; or_options_t *options = get_options(); @@ -962,9 +963,10 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now) if (accounting_is_enabled(options)) accounting_run_housekeeping(now); - if (now % REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD/REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST == 0 && + if (time_to_launch_reachability_tests < now && (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && !we_are_hibernating()) { + time_to_launch_reachability_tests = now + REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL; /* try to determine reachability of the other Tor relays */ dirserv_test_reachability(now); }

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[tor/master] improve accuracy for when a relay went unreachable
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit 977e396e866052a20de73f4e8121e514d4eff774 Author: Roger Dingledine <arma(a)torproject.org> Date: Fri Mar 11 22:12:15 2011 -0500 improve accuracy for when a relay went unreachable --- changes/bug2716 | 5 +++++ src/or/dirserv.c | 13 +++++++++---- src/or/dirserv.h | 8 ++++++++ src/or/main.c | 5 +++-- 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/changes/bug2716 b/changes/bug2716 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4663ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/changes/bug2716 @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + o Minor features: + - When a relay has failed several reachability tests, be more accurate + at recording when it became unreachable, so we can in turn provide + more accuracy at assigning Stable, Guard, HSDir, etc flags. Bugfix + on 0.2.0.6-alpha. Resolves bug 2716. diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.c b/src/or/dirserv.c index aeeab45..7386927 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@ -970,7 +970,11 @@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) { /* not considered reachable. tell rephist. */ - rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, now); + time_t when = now; + if (router->last_reachable && + router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD < now) + when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD; + rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when); } router->is_running = answer; @@ -3187,7 +3191,8 @@ dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_t now, routerinfo_t *router) * try a few connections per call. * * The load balancing is such that if we get called once every ten - * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in 1280 seconds (a + * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in + * 10*REACHABILITY_MASK_PER_TEST seconds (a * bit over 20 minutes). */ void @@ -3214,11 +3219,11 @@ dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now) continue; /* bridge authorities only test reachability on bridges */ // if (router->cache_info.published_on > cutoff) // continue; - if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % 128) == ctr) { + if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) == ctr) { dirserv_single_reachability_test(now, router); } } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(router); - ctr = (ctr + 1) % 128; /* increment ctr */ + ctr = (ctr + 1) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST; /* increment ctr */ } /** Given a fingerprint fp which is either set if we're looking for a diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.h b/src/or/dirserv.h index 56ad7a6..949482b 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.h +++ b/src/or/dirserv.h @@ -12,6 +12,14 @@ #ifndef _TOR_DIRSERV_H #define _TOR_DIRSERV_H +/** What fraction (1 over this number) of the relay ID space do we + * (as a directory authority) launch connections to at each reachability + * test? */ +#define REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST 128 + +/** How many seconds apart are the reachability tests for a given relay? */ +#define REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD (10*REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) + /** Maximum length of an exit policy summary. */ #define MAX_EXITPOLICY_SUMMARY_LEN 1000 diff --git a/src/or/main.c b/src/or/main.c index 979a2be..558608e 100644 --- a/src/or/main.c +++ b/src/or/main.c @@ -962,8 +962,9 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now) if (accounting_is_enabled(options)) accounting_run_housekeeping(now); - if (now % 10 == 0 && (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && - !we_are_hibernating()) { + if (now % REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD/REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST == 0 && + (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && + !we_are_hibernating()) { /* try to determine reachability of the other Tor relays */ dirserv_test_reachability(now); }

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[tor/master] fix one more typo
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit 61f648ae3764daacb3865c8344f0381fd09a8e45 Author: Roger Dingledine <arma(a)torproject.org> Date: Sun Mar 13 15:22:45 2011 -0400 fix one more typo --- src/or/dirserv.c | 3 +-- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.c b/src/or/dirserv.c index b68e005..09da66d 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@ -3198,8 +3198,7 @@ dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_t now, routerinfo_t *router) * * The load balancing is such that if we get called once every ten * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in - * 10*REACHABILITY_MASK_PER_TEST seconds (a - * bit over 20 minutes). + * REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds (a bit over 20 minutes). */ void dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now)

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[tor/master] Merge remote branch 'arma/bug2716' into maint-0.2.2
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit b639add1a010d5816ceb693c68ddc3b48655b752 Merge: d34a5cd 61f648a Author: Nick Mathewson <nickm(a)torproject.org> Date: Mon Mar 14 15:29:02 2011 -0400 Merge remote branch 'arma/bug2716' into maint-0.2.2 changes/bug2716 | 5 +++++ src/or/dirserv.c | 22 ++++++++++++++++------ src/or/dirserv.h | 12 ++++++++++++ src/or/main.c | 7 +++++-- 4 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --combined src/or/dirserv.c index 40136a1,09da66d..18abd18 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@@ -43,8 -43,6 +43,8 @@@ extern time_t time_of_process_start; /* from main.c */ +extern long stats_n_seconds_working; /* from main.c */ + /** Do we need to regenerate the v1 directory when someone asks for it? */ static time_t the_directory_is_dirty = 1; /** Do we need to regenerate the v1 runningrouters document when somebody @@@ -971,8 -969,18 +971,18 @@@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinf } if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) { - /* not considered reachable. tell rephist. */ - rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, now); + /* Not considered reachable. tell rephist about that. + + Because we launch a reachability test for each router every + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds, then the router has probably + been down since at least that time after we last successfully reached + it. + */ + time_t when = now; + if (router->last_reachable && + router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD < now) + when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD; + rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when); } router->is_running = answer; @@@ -1777,22 -1785,7 +1787,22 @@@ dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(tim static int dirserv_thinks_router_is_hs_dir(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) { - long uptime = real_uptime(router, now); + + long uptime; + + /* If we haven't been running for at least + * get_options()->MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2 seconds, we can't + * have accurate data telling us a relay has been up for at least + * that long. We also want to allow a bit of slack: Reachability + * tests aren't instant. If we haven't been running long enough, + * trust the relay. */ + + if (stats_n_seconds_working > + get_options()->MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2 * 1.1) + uptime = MIN(rep_hist_get_uptime(router->cache_info.identity_digest, now), + real_uptime(router, now)); + else + uptime = real_uptime(router, now); /* XXX We shouldn't need to check dir_port, but we do because of * bug 1693. In the future, once relays set wants_to_be_hs_dir @@@ -3204,8 -3197,8 +3214,8 @@@ dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_ * try a few connections per call. * * The load balancing is such that if we get called once every ten - * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in 1280 seconds (a - * bit over 20 minutes). + * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in + * REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds (a bit over 20 minutes). */ void dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now) @@@ -3231,11 -3224,11 +3241,11 @@@ continue; /* bridge authorities only test reachability on bridges */ // if (router->cache_info.published_on > cutoff) // continue; - if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % 128) == ctr) { + if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) == ctr) { dirserv_single_reachability_test(now, router); } } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(router); - ctr = (ctr + 1) % 128; /* increment ctr */ + ctr = (ctr + 1) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST; /* increment ctr */ } /** Given a fingerprint fp which is either set if we're looking for a

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[tor/master] Merge remote branch 'origin/maint-0.2.2'
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit f1c365b032e058e7342b632006435ecc175475a3 Merge: d52a99d b639add Author: Nick Mathewson <nickm(a)torproject.org> Date: Mon Mar 14 15:31:24 2011 -0400 Merge remote branch 'origin/maint-0.2.2' Fix trivial add/add conflict in main.c Conflicts: src/or/main.c changes/bug2716 | 5 +++++ src/or/dirserv.c | 22 ++++++++++++++++------ src/or/dirserv.h | 12 ++++++++++++ src/or/main.c | 7 +++++-- 4 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --combined src/or/dirserv.c index cbf8c36,18abd18..1796c28 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@@ -16,7 -16,6 +16,7 @@@ #include "hibernate.h" #include "microdesc.h" #include "networkstatus.h" +#include "nodelist.h" #include "policies.h" #include "rephist.h" #include "router.h" @@@ -68,6 -67,8 +68,6 @@@ static char *format_versions_list(confi struct authdir_config_t; static int add_fingerprint_to_dir(const char *nickname, const char *fp, struct authdir_config_t *list); -static uint32_t dirserv_router_get_status(const routerinfo_t *router, - const char **msg); static uint32_t dirserv_get_status_impl(const char *fp, const char *nickname, const char *address, @@@ -75,8 -76,7 +75,8 @@@ const char *platform, const char *contact, const char **msg, int should_log); static void clear_cached_dir(cached_dir_t *d); -static signed_descriptor_t *get_signed_descriptor_by_fp(const char *fp, +static const signed_descriptor_t *get_signed_descriptor_by_fp( + const char *fp, int extrainfo, time_t publish_cutoff); static int dirserv_add_extrainfo(extrainfo_t *ei, const char **msg); @@@ -305,7 -305,7 +305,7 @@@ dirserv_load_fingerprint_file(void * * If the status is 'FP_REJECT' and msg is provided, set * *msg to an explanation of why. */ -static uint32_t +uint32_t dirserv_router_get_status(const routerinfo_t *router, const char **msg) { char d[DIGEST_LEN]; @@@ -327,7 -327,7 +327,7 @@@ /** Return true if there is no point in downloading the router described by * rs because this directory would reject it. */ int -dirserv_would_reject_router(routerstatus_t *rs) +dirserv_would_reject_router(const routerstatus_t *rs) { uint32_t res; @@@ -362,7 -362,7 +362,7 @@@ dirserv_get_name_status(const char *id_ return 0; } -/** Helper: As dirserv_get_router_status, but takes the router fingerprint +/** Helper: As dirserv_router_get_status, but takes the router fingerprint * (hex, no spaces), nickname, address (used for logging only), IP address, OR * port, platform (logging only) and contact info (logging only) as arguments. * @@@ -377,7 -377,7 +377,7 @@@ dirserv_get_status_impl(const char *id_ const char **msg, int should_log) { int reject_unlisted = get_options()->AuthDirRejectUnlisted; - uint32_t result = 0; + uint32_t result; router_status_t *status_by_digest; if (!fingerprint_list) @@@ -541,7 -541,7 +541,7 @@@ dirserv_router_has_valid_address(router */ int authdir_wants_to_reject_router(routerinfo_t *ri, const char **msg, - int complain) + int complain, int *valid_out) { /* Okay. Now check whether the fingerprint is recognized. */ uint32_t status = dirserv_router_get_status(ri, msg); @@@ -582,24 -582,15 +582,24 @@@ *msg = "Rejected: Address is not an IP, or IP is a private address."; return -1; } - /* Okay, looks like we're willing to accept this one. */ - ri->is_named = (status & FP_NAMED) ? 1 : 0; - ri->is_valid = (status & FP_INVALID) ? 0 : 1; - ri->is_bad_directory = (status & FP_BADDIR) ? 1 : 0; - ri->is_bad_exit = (status & FP_BADEXIT) ? 1 : 0; + + *valid_out = ! (status & FP_INVALID); return 0; } +/** Update the relevant flags of node based on our opinion as a + * directory authority in authstatus, as returned by + * dirserv_router_get_status or equivalent. */ +void +dirserv_set_node_flags_from_authoritative_status(node_t *node, + uint32_t authstatus) +{ + node->is_valid = (authstatus & FP_INVALID) ? 0 : 1; + node->is_bad_directory = (authstatus & FP_BADDIR) ? 1 : 0; + node->is_bad_exit = (authstatus & FP_BADEXIT) ? 1 : 0; +} + /** True iff a is more severe than b. */ static int WRA_MORE_SEVERE(was_router_added_t a, was_router_added_t b) @@@ -724,7 -715,7 +724,7 @@@ dirserv_add_descriptor(routerinfo_t *ri * from this server. (We do this here and not in router_add_to_routerlist * because we want to be able to accept the newest router descriptor that * another authority has, so we all converge on the same one.) */ - ri_old = router_get_by_digest(ri->cache_info.identity_digest); + ri_old = router_get_mutable_by_digest(ri->cache_info.identity_digest); if (ri_old && ri_old->cache_info.published_on < ri->cache_info.published_on && router_differences_are_cosmetic(ri_old, ri) && !router_is_me(ri)) { @@@ -768,7 -759,8 +768,7 @@@ routerlist_descriptors_added(changed, 0); smartlist_free(changed); if (!*msg) { - *msg = ri->is_valid ? "Descriptor for valid server accepted" : - "Descriptor for invalid server accepted"; + *msg = "Descriptor accepted"; } log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Added descriptor from '%s' (source: %s): %s.", @@@ -783,12 -775,12 +783,12 @@@ static was_router_added_t dirserv_add_extrainfo(extrainfo_t *ei, const char **msg) { - routerinfo_t *ri; + const routerinfo_t *ri; int r; tor_assert(msg); *msg = NULL; - ri = router_get_by_digest(ei->cache_info.identity_digest); + ri = router_get_by_id_digest(ei->cache_info.identity_digest); if (!ri) { *msg = "No corresponding router descriptor for extra-info descriptor"; extrainfo_free(ei); @@@ -823,65 -815,54 +823,65 @@@ static void directory_remove_invalid(void) { - int i; int changed = 0; routerlist_t *rl = router_get_routerlist(); + smartlist_t *nodes = smartlist_create(); + smartlist_add_all(nodes, nodelist_get_list()); - routerlist_assert_ok(rl); - - for (i = 0; i < smartlist_len(rl->routers); ++i) { + SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodes, node_t *, node) { const char *msg; - routerinfo_t *ent = smartlist_get(rl->routers, i); - uint32_t r = dirserv_router_get_status(ent, &msg); + routerinfo_t *ent = node->ri; + uint32_t r; + if (!ent) + continue; + r = dirserv_router_get_status(ent, &msg); if (r & FP_REJECT) { log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Router '%s' is now rejected: %s", ent->nickname, msg?msg:""); routerlist_remove(rl, ent, 0, time(NULL)); changed = 1; continue; } - if (bool_neq((r & FP_NAMED), ent->is_named)) { +#if 0 + if (bool_neq((r & FP_NAMED), ent->auth_says_is_named)) { log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Router '%s' is now %snamed.", ent->nickname, (r&FP_NAMED)?"":"un"); ent->is_named = (r&FP_NAMED)?1:0; changed = 1; } - if (bool_neq((r & FP_INVALID), !ent->is_valid)) { + if (bool_neq((r & FP_UNNAMED), ent->auth_says_is_unnamed)) { + log_info(LD_DIRSERV, + "Router '%s' is now %snamed. (FP_UNNAMED)", ent->nickname, + (r&FP_NAMED)?"":"un"); + ent->is_named = (r&FP_NUNAMED)?0:1; + changed = 1; + } +#endif + if (bool_neq((r & FP_INVALID), !node->is_valid)) { log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Router '%s' is now %svalid.", ent->nickname, (r&FP_INVALID) ? "in" : ""); - ent->is_valid = (r&FP_INVALID)?0:1; + node->is_valid = (r&FP_INVALID)?0:1; changed = 1; } - if (bool_neq((r & FP_BADDIR), ent->is_bad_directory)) { + if (bool_neq((r & FP_BADDIR), node->is_bad_directory)) { log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Router '%s' is now a %s directory", ent->nickname, (r & FP_BADDIR) ? "bad" : "good"); - ent->is_bad_directory = (r&FP_BADDIR) ? 1: 0; + node->is_bad_directory = (r&FP_BADDIR) ? 1: 0; changed = 1; } - if (bool_neq((r & FP_BADEXIT), ent->is_bad_exit)) { + if (bool_neq((r & FP_BADEXIT), node->is_bad_exit)) { log_info(LD_DIRSERV, "Router '%s' is now a %s exit", ent->nickname, (r & FP_BADEXIT) ? "bad" : "good"); - ent->is_bad_exit = (r&FP_BADEXIT) ? 1: 0; + node->is_bad_exit = (r&FP_BADEXIT) ? 1: 0; changed = 1; } - } + } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node); if (changed) directory_set_dirty(); routerlist_assert_ok(rl); + smartlist_free(nodes); } /** Mark the directory as dirty -- when we're next asked for a @@@ -920,11 -901,10 +920,11 @@@ directory_set_dirty(void * as running iff is_live is true. */ static char * -list_single_server_status(routerinfo_t *desc, int is_live) +list_single_server_status(const routerinfo_t *desc, int is_live) { char buf[MAX_NICKNAME_LEN+HEX_DIGEST_LEN+4]; /* !nickname=$hexdigest\0 */ char *cp; + const node_t *node; tor_assert(desc); @@@ -932,8 -912,7 +932,8 @@@ if (!is_live) { *cp++ = '!'; } - if (desc->is_valid) { + node = node_get_by_id(desc->cache_info.identity_digest); + if (node && node->is_valid) { strlcpy(cp, desc->nickname, sizeof(buf)-(cp-buf)); cp += strlen(cp); *cp++ = '='; @@@ -972,8 -951,6 +972,8 @@@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinf unreachable. */ int answer; + node_t *node = node_get_mutable_by_id(router->cache_info.identity_digest); + tor_assert(node); if (router_is_me(router)) { /* We always know if we are down ourselves. */ @@@ -994,11 -971,21 +994,21 @@@ } if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) { - /* not considered reachable. tell rephist. */ - rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, now); + /* Not considered reachable. tell rephist about that. + + Because we launch a reachability test for each router every + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds, then the router has probably + been down since at least that time after we last successfully reached + it. + */ + time_t when = now; + if (router->last_reachable && + router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD < now) + when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD; + rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when); } - router->is_running = answer; + node->is_running = answer; } /** Based on the routerinfo_ts in routers, allocate the @@@ -1026,8 -1013,6 +1036,8 @@@ list_server_status_v1(smartlist_t *rout rs_entries = smartlist_create(); SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(routers, routerinfo_t *, ri) { + const node_t *node = node_get_by_id(ri->cache_info.identity_digest); + tor_assert(node); if (authdir) { /* Update router status in routerinfo_t. */ dirserv_set_router_is_running(ri, now); @@@ -1035,13 -1020,12 +1045,13 @@@ if (for_controller) { char name_buf[MAX_VERBOSE_NICKNAME_LEN+2]; char *cp = name_buf; - if (!ri->is_running) + if (!node->is_running) *cp++ = '!'; router_get_verbose_nickname(cp, ri); smartlist_add(rs_entries, tor_strdup(name_buf)); } else if (ri->cache_info.published_on >= cutoff) { - smartlist_add(rs_entries, list_single_server_status(ri, ri->is_running)); + smartlist_add(rs_entries, list_single_server_status(ri, + node->is_running)); } } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(ri); @@@ -1079,12 -1063,12 +1089,12 @@@ format_versions_list(config_line_t *ln * not hibernating, and not too old. Else return 0. */ static int -router_is_active(routerinfo_t *ri, time_t now) +router_is_active(const routerinfo_t *ri, const node_t *node, time_t now) { time_t cutoff = now - ROUTER_MAX_AGE_TO_PUBLISH; if (ri->cache_info.published_on < cutoff) return 0; - if (!ri->is_running || !ri->is_valid || ri->is_hibernating) + if (!node->is_running || !node->is_valid || ri->is_hibernating) return 0; return 1; } @@@ -1185,7 -1169,7 +1195,7 @@@ dirserv_dump_directory_to_string(char * int directory_fetches_from_authorities(or_options_t *options) { - routerinfo_t *me; + const routerinfo_t *me; uint32_t addr; int refuseunknown; if (options->FetchDirInfoEarly) @@@ -1297,8 -1281,7 +1307,8 @@@ static cached_dir_t cached_runningroute * cached_dir_t. */ static digestmap_t *cached_v2_networkstatus = NULL; -/** Map from flavor name to the v3 consensuses that we're currently serving. */ +/** Map from flavor name to the cached_dir_t for the v3 consensuses that we're + * currently serving. */ static strmap_t *cached_consensuses = NULL; /** Possibly replace the contents of d with the value of @@@ -1751,7 -1734,7 +1761,7 @@@ static uint64_t total_exit_bandwidth = /** Helper: estimate the uptime of a router given its stated uptime and the * amount of time since it last stated its stated uptime. */ static INLINE long -real_uptime(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) +real_uptime(const routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) { if (now < router->cache_info.published_on) return router->uptime; @@@ -1802,8 -1785,7 +1812,8 @@@ dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(tim * been set. */ static int -dirserv_thinks_router_is_hs_dir(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) +dirserv_thinks_router_is_hs_dir(const routerinfo_t *router, + const node_t *node, time_t now) { long uptime; @@@ -1828,7 -1810,7 +1838,7 @@@ * version is too old. */ return (router->wants_to_be_hs_dir && router->dir_port && uptime > get_options()->MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2 && - router->is_running); + node->is_running); } /** Look through the routerlist, the Mean Time Between Failure history, and @@@ -1876,22 -1858,19 +1886,22 @@@ dirserv_compute_performance_thresholds( /* Weighted fractional uptime for each active router. */ wfus = tor_malloc(sizeof(double)*smartlist_len(rl->routers)); + nodelist_assert_ok(); + /* Now, fill in the arrays. */ - SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri, { - if (router_is_active(ri, now)) { + SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodelist_get_list(), node_t *, node) { + routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri; + if (ri && router_is_active(ri, node, now)) { const char *id = ri->cache_info.identity_digest; uint32_t bw; - ri->is_exit = (!router_exit_policy_rejects_all(ri) && - exit_policy_is_general_exit(ri->exit_policy)); + node->is_exit = (!router_exit_policy_rejects_all(ri) && + exit_policy_is_general_exit(ri->exit_policy)); uptimes[n_active] = (uint32_t)real_uptime(ri, now); mtbfs[n_active] = rep_hist_get_stability(id, now); tks [n_active] = rep_hist_get_weighted_time_known(id, now); bandwidths[n_active] = bw = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(ri); total_bandwidth += bw; - if (ri->is_exit && !ri->is_bad_exit) { + if (node->is_exit && !node->is_bad_exit) { total_exit_bandwidth += bw; } else { bandwidths_excluding_exits[n_active_nonexit] = bw; @@@ -1899,7 -1878,7 +1909,7 @@@ } ++n_active; } - }); + } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node); /* Now, compute thresholds. */ if (n_active) { @@@ -1925,17 -1904,15 +1935,17 @@@ /* Now that we have a time-known that 7/8 routers are known longer than, * fill wfus with the wfu of every such "familiar" router. */ n_familiar = 0; - SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, ri, { - if (router_is_active(ri, now)) { + + SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(nodelist_get_list(), node_t *, node) { + routerinfo_t *ri = node->ri; + if (ri && router_is_active(ri, node, now)) { const char *id = ri->cache_info.identity_digest; long tk = rep_hist_get_weighted_time_known(id, now); if (tk < guard_tk) continue; wfus[n_familiar++] = rep_hist_get_weighted_fractional_uptime(id, now); } - }); + } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(node); if (n_familiar) guard_wfu = median_double(wfus, n_familiar); if (guard_wfu > WFU_TO_GUARANTEE_GUARD) @@@ -2006,20 -1983,24 +2016,20 @@@ version_from_platform(const char *platf */ int routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len, - routerstatus_t *rs, const char *version, + const routerstatus_t *rs, const char *version, routerstatus_format_type_t format) { int r; - struct in_addr in; char *cp; char *summary; char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1]; - char ipaddr[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN]; char identity64[BASE64_DIGEST_LEN+1]; char digest64[BASE64_DIGEST_LEN+1]; format_iso_time(published, rs->published_on); digest_to_base64(identity64, rs->identity_digest); digest_to_base64(digest64, rs->descriptor_digest); - in.s_addr = htonl(rs->addr); - tor_inet_ntoa(&in, ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr)); r = tor_snprintf(buf, buf_len, "r %s %s %s%s%s %s %d %d\n", @@@ -2028,7 -2009,7 +2038,7 @@@ (format==NS_V3_CONSENSUS_MICRODESC)?"":digest64, (format==NS_V3_CONSENSUS_MICRODESC)?"":" ", published, - ipaddr, + fmt_addr32(rs->addr), (int)rs->or_port, (int)rs->dir_port); if (r<0) { @@@ -2056,7 -2037,7 +2066,7 @@@ rs->is_possible_guard?" Guard":"", rs->is_hs_dir?" HSDir":"", rs->is_named?" Named":"", - rs->is_running?" Running":"", + rs->is_flagged_running?" Running":"", rs->is_stable?" Stable":"", rs->is_unnamed?" Unnamed":"", rs->is_v2_dir?" V2Dir":"", @@@ -2078,7 -2059,7 +2088,7 @@@ } if (format != NS_V2) { - routerinfo_t* desc = router_get_by_digest(rs->identity_digest); + const routerinfo_t* desc = router_get_by_id_digest(rs->identity_digest); uint32_t bw; if (format != NS_CONTROL_PORT) { @@@ -2174,8 -2155,6 +2184,8 @@@ _compare_routerinfo_by_ip_and_bw(const routerinfo_t *first = *(routerinfo_t **)a, *second = *(routerinfo_t **)b; int first_is_auth, second_is_auth; uint32_t bw_first, bw_second; + const node_t *node_first, *node_second; + int first_is_running, second_is_running; /* we return -1 if first should appear before second... that is, * if first is a better router. */ @@@ -2198,14 -2177,9 +2208,14 @@@ else if (!first_is_auth && second_is_auth) return 1; - else if (first->is_running && !second->is_running) + node_first = node_get_by_id(first->cache_info.identity_digest); + node_second = node_get_by_id(second->cache_info.identity_digest); + first_is_running = node_first && node_first->is_running; + second_is_running = node_second && node_second->is_running; + + if (first_is_running && !second_is_running) return -1; - else if (!first->is_running && second->is_running) + else if (!first_is_running && second_is_running) return 1; bw_first = router_get_advertised_bandwidth(first); @@@ -2274,9 -2248,7 +2284,9 @@@ get_possible_sybil_list(const smartlist */ void set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(routerstatus_t *rs, - routerinfo_t *ri, time_t now, + node_t *node, + routerinfo_t *ri, + time_t now, int naming, int listbadexits, int listbaddirs) { @@@ -2288,46 -2260,48 +2298,46 @@@ router_digest_is_trusted_dir(ri->cache_info.identity_digest); /* Already set by compute_performance_thresholds. */ - rs->is_exit = ri->is_exit; - rs->is_stable = ri->is_stable = - router_is_active(ri, now) && + rs->is_exit = node->is_exit; + rs->is_stable = node->is_stable = + router_is_active(ri, node, now) && !dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(now, ri, 1, 0) && !unstable_version; - rs->is_fast = ri->is_fast = - router_is_active(ri, now) && + rs->is_fast = node->is_fast = + router_is_active(ri, node, now) && !dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(now, ri, 0, 1); - rs->is_running = ri->is_running; /* computed above */ + rs->is_flagged_running = node->is_running; /* computed above */ if (naming) { uint32_t name_status = dirserv_get_name_status( - ri->cache_info.identity_digest, ri->nickname); + node->identity, ri->nickname); rs->is_named = (naming && (name_status & FP_NAMED)) ? 1 : 0; rs->is_unnamed = (naming && (name_status & FP_UNNAMED)) ? 1 : 0; } - rs->is_valid = ri->is_valid; + rs->is_valid = node->is_valid; - if (rs->is_fast && + if (node->is_fast && (router_get_advertised_bandwidth(ri) >= BANDWIDTH_TO_GUARANTEE_GUARD || router_get_advertised_bandwidth(ri) >= MIN(guard_bandwidth_including_exits, guard_bandwidth_excluding_exits))) { - long tk = rep_hist_get_weighted_time_known( - ri->cache_info.identity_digest, now); - double wfu = rep_hist_get_weighted_fractional_uptime( - ri->cache_info.identity_digest, now); + long tk = rep_hist_get_weighted_time_known(node->identity, now); + double wfu = rep_hist_get_weighted_fractional_uptime(node->identity, now); rs->is_possible_guard = (wfu >= guard_wfu && tk >= guard_tk) ? 1 : 0; } else { rs->is_possible_guard = 0; } - rs->is_bad_directory = listbaddirs && ri->is_bad_directory; - rs->is_bad_exit = listbadexits && ri->is_bad_exit; - ri->is_hs_dir = dirserv_thinks_router_is_hs_dir(ri, now); - rs->is_hs_dir = ri->is_hs_dir; + rs->is_bad_directory = listbaddirs && node->is_bad_directory; + rs->is_bad_exit = listbadexits && node->is_bad_exit; + node->is_hs_dir = dirserv_thinks_router_is_hs_dir(ri, node, now); + rs->is_hs_dir = node->is_hs_dir; rs->is_v2_dir = ri->dir_port != 0; if (!strcasecmp(ri->nickname, UNNAMED_ROUTER_NICKNAME)) rs->is_named = rs->is_unnamed = 0; rs->published_on = ri->cache_info.published_on; - memcpy(rs->identity_digest, ri->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN); + memcpy(rs->identity_digest, node->identity, DIGEST_LEN); memcpy(rs->descriptor_digest, ri->cache_info.signed_descriptor_digest, DIGEST_LEN); rs->addr = ri->addr; @@@ -2344,7 -2318,7 +2354,7 @@@ static voi clear_status_flags_on_sybil(routerstatus_t *rs) { rs->is_authority = rs->is_exit = rs->is_stable = rs->is_fast = - rs->is_running = rs->is_named = rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir = + rs->is_flagged_running = rs->is_named = rs->is_valid = rs->is_v2_dir = rs->is_hs_dir = rs->is_possible_guard = rs->is_bad_exit = rs->is_bad_directory = 0; /* FFFF we might want some mechanism to check later on if we @@@ -2352,6 -2326,18 +2362,6 @@@ * forget to add it to this clause. */ } -/** Clear all the status flags in routerinfo router. We put this - * function here because it's eerily similar to - * clear_status_flags_on_sybil() above. One day we should merge them. */ -void -router_clear_status_flags(routerinfo_t *router) -{ - router->is_valid = router->is_running = router->is_hs_dir = - router->is_fast = router->is_stable = - router->is_possible_guard = router->is_exit = - router->is_bad_exit = router->is_bad_directory = 0; -} - /** * Helper function to parse out a line in the measured bandwidth file * into a measured_bw_line_t output structure. Returns -1 on failure @@@ -2469,7 -2455,7 +2479,7 @@@ dirserv_read_measured_bandwidths(const smartlist_t *routerstatuses) { char line[256]; - FILE *fp = fopen(from_file, "r"); + FILE *fp = tor_fopen_cloexec(from_file, "r"); int applied_lines = 0; time_t file_time; int ok; @@@ -2599,20 -2585,17 +2609,20 @@@ dirserv_generate_networkstatus_vote_obj routerstatus_t *rs; vote_routerstatus_t *vrs; microdesc_t *md; + node_t *node = node_get_mutable_by_id(ri->cache_info.identity_digest); + if (!node) + continue; vrs = tor_malloc_zero(sizeof(vote_routerstatus_t)); rs = &vrs->status; - set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(rs, ri, now, + set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(rs, node, ri, now, naming, listbadexits, listbaddirs); if (digestmap_get(omit_as_sybil, ri->cache_info.identity_digest)) clear_status_flags_on_sybil(rs); if (!vote_on_reachability) - rs->is_running = 0; + rs->is_flagged_running = 0; vrs->version = version_from_platform(ri->platform); md = dirvote_create_microdescriptor(ri); @@@ -2743,8 -2726,10 +2753,8 @@@ generate_v2_networkstatus_opinion(void char *outp, *endp; or_options_t *options = get_options(); char fingerprint[FINGERPRINT_LEN+1]; - char ipaddr[INET_NTOA_BUF_LEN]; char published[ISO_TIME_LEN+1]; char digest[DIGEST_LEN]; - struct in_addr in; uint32_t addr; crypto_pk_env_t *private_key; routerlist_t *rl = router_get_routerlist(); @@@ -2765,6 -2750,8 +2775,6 @@@ log_warn(LD_NET, "Couldn't resolve my hostname"); goto done; } - in.s_addr = htonl(addr); - tor_inet_ntoa(&in, ipaddr, sizeof(ipaddr)); format_iso_time(published, now); @@@ -2810,7 -2797,7 +2820,7 @@@ "dir-options%s%s%s%s\n" "%s" /* client version line, server version line. */ "dir-signing-key\n%s", - hostname, ipaddr, (int)options->DirPort, + hostname, fmt_addr32(addr), (int)options->DirPort, fingerprint, contact, published, @@@ -2841,12 -2828,8 +2851,12 @@@ if (ri->cache_info.published_on >= cutoff) { routerstatus_t rs; char *version = version_from_platform(ri->platform); - - set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(&rs, ri, now, + node_t *node = node_get_mutable_by_id(ri->cache_info.identity_digest); + if (!node) { + tor_free(version); + continue; + } + set_routerstatus_from_routerinfo(&rs, node, ri, now, naming, listbadexits, listbaddirs); if (digestmap_get(omit_as_sybil, ri->cache_info.identity_digest)) @@@ -2929,7 -2912,7 +2939,7 @@@ dirserv_get_networkstatus_v2_fingerprin if (!strcmp(key,"authority")) { if (authdir_mode_v2(get_options())) { - routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); + const routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); if (me) smartlist_add(result, tor_memdup(me->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)); @@@ -3017,7 -3000,7 +3027,7 @@@ dirserv_get_routerdesc_fingerprints(sma /* Treat "all" requests as if they were unencrypted */ for_unencrypted_conn = 1; } else if (!strcmp(key, "authority")) { - routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_my_routerinfo(); + const routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_my_routerinfo(); if (ri) smartlist_add(fps_out, tor_memdup(ri->cache_info.identity_digest, DIGEST_LEN)); @@@ -3037,8 -3020,8 +3047,8 @@@ if (for_unencrypted_conn) { /* Remove anything that insists it not be sent unencrypted. */ - SMARTLIST_FOREACH(fps_out, char *, cp, { - signed_descriptor_t *sd; + SMARTLIST_FOREACH_BEGIN(fps_out, char *, cp) { + const signed_descriptor_t *sd; if (by_id) sd = get_signed_descriptor_by_fp(cp,is_extrainfo,0); else if (is_extrainfo) @@@ -3049,7 -3032,7 +3059,7 @@@ tor_free(cp); SMARTLIST_DEL_CURRENT(fps_out, cp); } - }); + } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(cp); } if (!smartlist_len(fps_out)) { @@@ -3088,9 -3071,9 +3098,9 @@@ dirserv_get_routerdescs(smartlist_t *de SMARTLIST_FOREACH(rl->routers, routerinfo_t *, r, smartlist_add(descs_out, &(r->cache_info))); } else if (!strcmp(key, "/tor/server/authority")) { - routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_my_routerinfo(); + const routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_my_routerinfo(); if (ri) - smartlist_add(descs_out, &(ri->cache_info)); + smartlist_add(descs_out, (void*) &(ri->cache_info)); } else if (!strcmpstart(key, "/tor/server/d/")) { smartlist_t *digests = smartlist_create(); key += strlen("/tor/server/d/"); @@@ -3114,17 -3097,17 +3124,17 @@@ { if (router_digest_is_me(d)) { /* make sure desc_routerinfo exists */ - routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_my_routerinfo(); + const routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_my_routerinfo(); if (ri) - smartlist_add(descs_out, &(ri->cache_info)); + smartlist_add(descs_out, (void*) &(ri->cache_info)); } else { - routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_by_digest(d); + const routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_by_id_digest(d); /* Don't actually serve a descriptor that everyone will think is * expired. This is an (ugly) workaround to keep buggy 0.1.1.10 * Tors from downloading descriptors that they will throw away. */ if (ri && ri->cache_info.published_on > cutoff) - smartlist_add(descs_out, &(ri->cache_info)); + smartlist_add(descs_out, (void*) &(ri->cache_info)); } }); SMARTLIST_FOREACH(digests, char *, d, tor_free(d)); @@@ -3190,8 -3173,7 +3200,8 @@@ dirserv_orconn_tls_done(const char *add * an upload or a download. Used to decide whether to relaunch reachability * testing for the server. */ int -dirserv_should_launch_reachability_test(routerinfo_t *ri, routerinfo_t *ri_old) +dirserv_should_launch_reachability_test(const routerinfo_t *ri, + const routerinfo_t *ri_old) { if (!authdir_mode_handles_descs(get_options(), ri->purpose)) return 0; @@@ -3232,8 -3214,8 +3242,8 @@@ dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_ * try a few connections per call. * * The load balancing is such that if we get called once every ten - * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in 1280 seconds (a - * bit over 20 minutes). + * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in + * REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds (a bit over 20 minutes). */ void dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now) @@@ -3259,11 -3241,11 +3269,11 @@@ continue; /* bridge authorities only test reachability on bridges */ // if (router->cache_info.published_on > cutoff) // continue; - if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % 128) == ctr) { + if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) == ctr) { dirserv_single_reachability_test(now, router); } } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(router); - ctr = (ctr + 1) % 128; /* increment ctr */ + ctr = (ctr + 1) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST; /* increment ctr */ } /** Given a fingerprint fp which is either set if we're looking for a @@@ -3315,7 -3297,7 +3325,7 @@@ dirserv_remove_old_statuses(smartlist_ * its extra-info document if extrainfo is true. Return * NULL if not found or if the descriptor is older than * publish_cutoff. */ -static signed_descriptor_t * +static const signed_descriptor_t * get_signed_descriptor_by_fp(const char *fp, int extrainfo, time_t publish_cutoff) { @@@ -3325,7 -3307,7 +3335,7 @@@ else return &(router_get_my_routerinfo()->cache_info); } else { - routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_by_digest(fp); + const routerinfo_t *ri = router_get_by_id_digest(fp); if (ri && ri->cache_info.published_on > publish_cutoff) { if (extrainfo) @@@ -3393,7 -3375,7 +3403,7 @@@ dirserv_estimate_data_size(smartlist_t tor_assert(fps); if (is_serverdescs) { int n = smartlist_len(fps); - routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); + const routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); result = (me?me->cache_info.signed_descriptor_len:2048) * n; if (compressed) result /= 2; /* observed compressibility is between 35 and 55%. */ @@@ -3457,10 -3439,10 +3467,10 @@@ connection_dirserv_add_servers_to_outbu time_t publish_cutoff = time(NULL)-ROUTER_MAX_AGE_TO_PUBLISH; while (smartlist_len(conn->fingerprint_stack) && - buf_datalen(conn->_base.outbuf) < DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) { + connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)) < DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) { const char *body; char *fp = smartlist_pop_last(conn->fingerprint_stack); - signed_descriptor_t *sd = NULL; + const signed_descriptor_t *sd = NULL; if (by_fp) { sd = get_signed_descriptor_by_fp(fp, extra, publish_cutoff); } else { @@@ -3518,7 -3500,7 +3528,7 @@@ connection_dirserv_add_microdescs_to_ou { microdesc_cache_t *cache = get_microdesc_cache(); while (smartlist_len(conn->fingerprint_stack) && - buf_datalen(conn->_base.outbuf) < DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) { + connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)) < DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) { char *fp256 = smartlist_pop_last(conn->fingerprint_stack); microdesc_t *md = microdesc_cache_lookup_by_digest256(cache, fp256); tor_free(fp256); @@@ -3557,7 -3539,7 +3567,7 @@@ connection_dirserv_add_dir_bytes_to_out ssize_t bytes; int64_t remaining; - bytes = DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN - buf_datalen(conn->_base.outbuf); + bytes = DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN - connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)); tor_assert(bytes > 0); tor_assert(conn->cached_dir); if (bytes < 8192) @@@ -3596,7 -3578,7 +3606,7 @@@ static in connection_dirserv_add_networkstatus_bytes_to_outbuf(dir_connection_t *conn) { - while (buf_datalen(conn->_base.outbuf) < DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) { + while (connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)) < DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) { if (conn->cached_dir) { int uncompressing = (conn->zlib_state != NULL); int r = connection_dirserv_add_dir_bytes_to_outbuf(conn); @@@ -3642,7 -3624,7 +3652,7 @@@ connection_dirserv_flushed_some(dir_con { tor_assert(conn->_base.state == DIR_CONN_STATE_SERVER_WRITING); - if (buf_datalen(conn->_base.outbuf) >= DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) + if (connection_get_outbuf_len(TO_CONN(conn)) >= DIRSERV_BUFFER_MIN) return 0; switch (conn->dir_spool_src) { diff --combined src/or/dirserv.h index 0489f3a,569abfc..8bd6d18 --- a/src/or/dirserv.h +++ b/src/or/dirserv.h @@@ -12,6 -12,18 +12,18 @@@ #ifndef _TOR_DIRSERV_H #define _TOR_DIRSERV_H + /** What fraction (1 over this number) of the relay ID space do we + * (as a directory authority) launch connections to at each reachability + * test? */ + #define REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST 128 + + /** How often (in seconds) do we launch reachability tests? */ + #define REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL 10 + + /** How many seconds apart are the reachability tests for a given relay? */ + #define REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD \ + (REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL*REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) + /** Maximum length of an exit policy summary. */ #define MAX_EXITPOLICY_SUMMARY_LEN 1000 @@@ -40,6 -52,8 +52,6 @@@ MAX_V_LINE_LEN \ ) -#define UNNAMED_ROUTER_NICKNAME "Unnamed" - int connection_dirserv_flushed_some(dir_connection_t *conn); int dirserv_add_own_fingerprint(const char *nickname, crypto_pk_env_t *pk); @@@ -97,19 -111,13 +109,19 @@@ void dirserv_orconn_tls_done(const cha uint16_t or_port, const char *digest_rcvd, int as_advertised); -int dirserv_should_launch_reachability_test(routerinfo_t *ri, - routerinfo_t *ri_old); +int dirserv_should_launch_reachability_test(const routerinfo_t *ri, + const routerinfo_t *ri_old); void dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_t now, routerinfo_t *router); void dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now); int authdir_wants_to_reject_router(routerinfo_t *ri, const char **msg, - int complain); -int dirserv_would_reject_router(routerstatus_t *rs); + int complain, + int *valid_out); +uint32_t dirserv_router_get_status(const routerinfo_t *router, + const char **msg); +void dirserv_set_node_flags_from_authoritative_status(node_t *node, + uint32_t authstatus); + +int dirserv_would_reject_router(const routerstatus_t *rs); int dirserv_remove_old_statuses(smartlist_t *fps, time_t cutoff); int dirserv_have_any_serverdesc(smartlist_t *fps, int spool_src); int dirserv_have_any_microdesc(const smartlist_t *fps); @@@ -118,7 -126,7 +130,7 @@@ size_t dirserv_estimate_data_size(smart size_t dirserv_estimate_microdesc_size(const smartlist_t *fps, int compressed); int routerstatus_format_entry(char *buf, size_t buf_len, - routerstatus_t *rs, const char *platform, + const routerstatus_t *rs, const char *platform, routerstatus_format_type_t format); void dirserv_free_all(void); void cached_dir_decref(cached_dir_t *d); diff --combined src/or/main.c index c1335ff,214a4fa..9c19485 --- a/src/or/main.c +++ b/src/or/main.c @@@ -33,7 -33,6 +33,7 @@@ #include "main.h" #include "microdesc.h" #include "networkstatus.h" +#include "nodelist.h" #include "ntmain.h" #include "onion.h" #include "policies.h" @@@ -45,7 -44,6 +45,7 @@@ #include "router.h" #include "routerlist.h" #include "routerparse.h" +#include "status.h" #ifdef USE_DMALLOC #include <dmalloc.h> #include <openssl/crypto.h> @@@ -58,10 -56,6 +58,10 @@@ #include <event.h> #endif +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS +#include <event2/bufferevent.h> +#endif + void evdns_shutdown(int); /********* PROTOTYPES **********/ @@@ -78,7 -72,6 +78,7 @@@ static int connection_should_read_from_ /********* START VARIABLES **********/ +#ifndef USE_BUFFEREVENTS int global_read_bucket; /**< Max number of bytes I can read this second. */ int global_write_bucket; /**< Max number of bytes I can write this second. */ @@@ -86,17 -79,13 +86,17 @@@ int global_relayed_read_bucket; /** Max number of relayed (bandwidth class 1) bytes I can write this second. */ int global_relayed_write_bucket; - /** What was the read bucket before the last second_elapsed_callback() call? * (used to determine how many bytes we've read). */ static int stats_prev_global_read_bucket; /** What was the write bucket before the last second_elapsed_callback() call? * (used to determine how many bytes we've written). */ static int stats_prev_global_write_bucket; +#else +static uint64_t stats_prev_n_read = 0; +static uint64_t stats_prev_n_written = 0; +#endif + /* XXX we might want to keep stats about global_relayed_*_bucket too. Or not.*/ /** How many bytes have we read since we started the process? */ static uint64_t stats_n_bytes_read = 0; @@@ -162,38 -151,12 +162,38 @@@ int can_complete_circuit=0 * ****************************************************************************/ +#if 0 && defined(USE_BUFFEREVENTS) +static void +free_old_inbuf(connection_t *conn) +{ + if (! conn->inbuf) + return; + + tor_assert(conn->outbuf); + tor_assert(buf_datalen(conn->inbuf) == 0); + tor_assert(buf_datalen(conn->outbuf) == 0); + buf_free(conn->inbuf); + buf_free(conn->outbuf); + conn->inbuf = conn->outbuf = NULL; + + if (conn->read_event) { + event_del(conn->read_event); + tor_event_free(conn->read_event); + } + if (conn->write_event) { + event_del(conn->read_event); + tor_event_free(conn->write_event); + } + conn->read_event = conn->write_event = NULL; +} +#endif + /** Add conn to the array of connections that we can poll on. The * connection's socket must be set; the connection starts out * non-reading and non-writing. */ int -connection_add(connection_t *conn) +connection_add_impl(connection_t *conn, int is_connecting) { tor_assert(conn); tor_assert(conn->s >= 0 || @@@ -205,63 -168,11 +205,63 @@@ conn->conn_array_index = smartlist_len(connection_array); smartlist_add(connection_array, conn); - if (conn->s >= 0 || conn->linked) { +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + if (connection_type_uses_bufferevent(conn)) { + if (conn->s >= 0 && !conn->linked) { + conn->bufev = bufferevent_socket_new( + tor_libevent_get_base(), + conn->s, + BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS); + if (!conn->bufev) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to create socket bufferevent"); + smartlist_del(connection_array, conn->conn_array_index); + conn->conn_array_index = -1; + return -1; + } + if (is_connecting) { + /* Put the bufferevent into a "connecting" state so that we'll get + * a "connected" event callback on successful write. */ + bufferevent_socket_connect(conn->bufev, NULL, 0); + } + connection_configure_bufferevent_callbacks(conn); + } else if (conn->linked && conn->linked_conn && + connection_type_uses_bufferevent(conn->linked_conn)) { + tor_assert(conn->s < 0); + if (!conn->bufev) { + struct bufferevent *pair[2] = { NULL, NULL }; + if (bufferevent_pair_new(tor_libevent_get_base(), + BEV_OPT_DEFER_CALLBACKS, + pair) < 0) { + log_warn(LD_BUG, "Unable to create bufferevent pair"); + smartlist_del(connection_array, conn->conn_array_index); + conn->conn_array_index = -1; + return -1; + } + tor_assert(pair[0]); + conn->bufev = pair[0]; + conn->linked_conn->bufev = pair[1]; + } /* else the other side already was added, and got a bufferevent_pair */ + connection_configure_bufferevent_callbacks(conn); + } else { + tor_assert(!conn->linked); + } + + if (conn->bufev) + tor_assert(conn->inbuf == NULL); + + if (conn->linked_conn && conn->linked_conn->bufev) + tor_assert(conn->linked_conn->inbuf == NULL); + } +#else + (void) is_connecting; +#endif + + if (!HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn) && (conn->s >= 0 || conn->linked)) { conn->read_event = tor_event_new(tor_libevent_get_base(), conn->s, EV_READ|EV_PERSIST, conn_read_callback, conn); conn->write_event = tor_event_new(tor_libevent_get_base(), conn->s, EV_WRITE|EV_PERSIST, conn_write_callback, conn); + /* XXXX CHECK FOR NULL RETURN! */ } log_debug(LD_NET,"new conn type %s, socket %d, address %s, n_conns %d.", @@@ -285,12 -196,6 +285,12 @@@ connection_unregister_events(connection log_warn(LD_BUG, "Error removing write event for %d", conn->s); tor_free(conn->write_event); } +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + if (conn->bufev) { + bufferevent_free(conn->bufev); + conn->bufev = NULL; + } +#endif if (conn->dns_server_port) { dnsserv_close_listener(conn); } @@@ -399,37 -304,12 +399,37 @@@ get_connection_array(void return connection_array; } +/** Provides the traffic read and written over the life of the process. */ + +uint64_t +get_bytes_read(void) +{ + return stats_n_bytes_read; +} + +uint64_t +get_bytes_written(void) +{ + return stats_n_bytes_written; +} + /** Set the event mask on conn to events. (The event * mask is a bitmask whose bits are READ_EVENT and WRITE_EVENT) */ void connection_watch_events(connection_t *conn, watchable_events_t events) { + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, { + short ev = ((short)events) & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE); + short old_ev = bufferevent_get_enabled(conn->bufev); + if ((ev & ~old_ev) != 0) { + bufferevent_enable(conn->bufev, ev); + } + if ((old_ev & ~ev) != 0) { + bufferevent_disable(conn->bufev, old_ev & ~ev); + } + return; + }); if (events & READ_EVENT) connection_start_reading(conn); else @@@ -447,9 -327,6 +447,9 @@@ connection_is_reading(connection_t *con { tor_assert(conn); + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, + return (bufferevent_get_enabled(conn->bufev) & EV_READ) != 0; + ); return conn->reading_from_linked_conn || (conn->read_event && event_pending(conn->read_event, EV_READ, NULL)); } @@@ -459,12 -336,6 +459,12 @@@ voi connection_stop_reading(connection_t *conn) { tor_assert(conn); + + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, { + bufferevent_disable(conn->bufev, EV_READ); + return; + }); + tor_assert(conn->read_event); if (conn->linked) { @@@ -484,12 -355,6 +484,12 @@@ voi connection_start_reading(connection_t *conn) { tor_assert(conn); + + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, { + bufferevent_enable(conn->bufev, EV_READ); + return; + }); + tor_assert(conn->read_event); if (conn->linked) { @@@ -511,10 -376,6 +511,10 @@@ connection_is_writing(connection_t *con { tor_assert(conn); + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, + return (bufferevent_get_enabled(conn->bufev) & EV_WRITE) != 0; + ); + return conn->writing_to_linked_conn || (conn->write_event && event_pending(conn->write_event, EV_WRITE, NULL)); } @@@ -524,12 -385,6 +524,12 @@@ voi connection_stop_writing(connection_t *conn) { tor_assert(conn); + + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, { + bufferevent_disable(conn->bufev, EV_WRITE); + return; + }); + tor_assert(conn->write_event); if (conn->linked) { @@@ -550,12 -405,6 +550,12 @@@ voi connection_start_writing(connection_t *conn) { tor_assert(conn); + + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, { + bufferevent_enable(conn->bufev, EV_WRITE); + return; + }); + tor_assert(conn->write_event); if (conn->linked) { @@@ -741,23 -590,7 +741,23 @@@ conn_close_if_marked(int i assert_connection_ok(conn, now); /* assert_all_pending_dns_resolves_ok(); */ +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + if (conn->bufev) { + if (conn->hold_open_until_flushed && + evbuffer_get_length(bufferevent_get_output(conn->bufev))) { + /* don't close yet. */ + return 0; + } + if (conn->linked_conn && ! conn->linked_conn->marked_for_close) { + /* We need to do this explicitly so that the linked connection + * notices that there was an EOF. */ + bufferevent_flush(conn->bufev, EV_WRITE, BEV_FINISHED); + } + } +#endif + log_debug(LD_NET,"Cleaning up connection (fd %d).",conn->s); + IF_HAS_BUFFEREVENT(conn, goto unlink); if ((conn->s >= 0 || conn->linked_conn) && connection_wants_to_flush(conn)) { /* s == -1 means it's an incomplete edge connection, or that the socket * has already been closed as unflushable. */ @@@ -780,8 -613,8 +780,8 @@@ } log_debug(LD_GENERAL, "Flushed last %d bytes from a linked conn; " "%d left; flushlen %d; wants-to-flush==%d", retval, - (int)buf_datalen(conn->outbuf), - (int)conn->outbuf_flushlen, + (int)connection_get_outbuf_len(conn), + (int)conn->outbuf_flushlen, connection_wants_to_flush(conn)); } else if (connection_speaks_cells(conn)) { if (conn->state == OR_CONN_STATE_OPEN) { @@@ -818,17 -651,13 +818,17 @@@ "something is wrong with your network connection, or " "something is wrong with theirs. " "(fd %d, type %s, state %d, marked at %s:%d).", - (int)buf_datalen(conn->outbuf), + (int)connection_get_outbuf_len(conn), escaped_safe_str_client(conn->address), conn->s, conn_type_to_string(conn->type), conn->state, conn->marked_for_close_file, conn->marked_for_close); } } + +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + unlink: +#endif connection_unlink(conn); /* unlink, remove, free */ return 1; } @@@ -874,13 -703,10 +874,13 @@@ directory_info_has_arrived(time_t now, "I learned some more directory information, but not enough to " "build a circuit: %s", get_dir_info_status_string()); update_router_descriptor_downloads(now); + update_microdesc_downloads(now); return; } else { - if (directory_fetches_from_authorities(options)) + if (directory_fetches_from_authorities(options)) { update_router_descriptor_downloads(now); + update_microdesc_downloads(now); + } /* if we have enough dir info, then update our guard status with * whatever we just learned. */ @@@ -918,8 -744,7 +918,8 @@@ run_connection_housekeeping(int i, time int past_keepalive = now >= conn->timestamp_lastwritten + options->KeepalivePeriod; - if (conn->outbuf && !buf_datalen(conn->outbuf) && conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) + if (conn->outbuf && !connection_get_outbuf_len(conn) && + conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) TO_OR_CONN(conn)->timestamp_lastempty = now; if (conn->marked_for_close) { @@@ -939,7 -764,7 +939,7 @@@ /* This check is temporary; it's to let us know whether we should consider * parsing partial serverdesc responses. */ if (conn->purpose == DIR_PURPOSE_FETCH_SERVERDESC && - buf_datalen(conn->inbuf)>=1024) { + connection_get_inbuf_len(conn) >= 1024) { log_info(LD_DIR,"Trying to extract information from wedged server desc " "download."); connection_dir_reached_eof(TO_DIR_CONN(conn)); @@@ -956,11 -781,7 +956,11 @@@ the connection or send a keepalive, depending. */ or_conn = TO_OR_CONN(conn); +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + tor_assert(conn->bufev); +#else tor_assert(conn->outbuf); +#endif if (or_conn->is_bad_for_new_circs && !or_conn->n_circuits) { /* It's bad for new circuits, and has no unmarked circuits on it: @@@ -972,7 -793,8 +972,7 @@@ connection_or_connect_failed(TO_OR_CONN(conn), END_OR_CONN_REASON_TIMEOUT, "Tor gave up on the connection"); - connection_mark_for_close(conn); - conn->hold_open_until_flushed = 1; + connection_mark_and_flush(conn); } else if (!connection_state_is_open(conn)) { if (past_keepalive) { /* We never managed to actually get this connection open and happy. */ @@@ -981,12 -803,13 +981,12 @@@ connection_mark_for_close(conn); } } else if (we_are_hibernating() && !or_conn->n_circuits && - !buf_datalen(conn->outbuf)) { + !connection_get_outbuf_len(conn)) { /* We're hibernating, there's no circuits, and nothing to flush.*/ log_info(LD_OR,"Expiring non-used OR connection to fd %d (%s:%d) " "[Hibernating or exiting].", conn->s,conn->address, conn->port); - connection_mark_for_close(conn); - conn->hold_open_until_flushed = 1; + connection_mark_and_flush(conn); } else if (!or_conn->n_circuits && now >= or_conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding + IDLE_OR_CONN_TIMEOUT) { @@@ -994,6 -817,7 +994,6 @@@ "[idle %d].", conn->s,conn->address, conn->port, (int)(now - or_conn->timestamp_last_added_nonpadding)); connection_mark_for_close(conn); - conn->hold_open_until_flushed = 1; } else if ( now >= or_conn->timestamp_lastempty + options->KeepalivePeriod*10 && now >= conn->timestamp_lastwritten + options->KeepalivePeriod*10) { @@@ -1001,10 -825,10 +1001,10 @@@ "Expiring stuck OR connection to fd %d (%s:%d). (%d bytes to " "flush; %d seconds since last write)", conn->s, conn->address, conn->port, - (int)buf_datalen(conn->outbuf), + (int)connection_get_outbuf_len(conn), (int)(now-conn->timestamp_lastwritten)); connection_mark_for_close(conn); - } else if (past_keepalive && !buf_datalen(conn->outbuf)) { + } else if (past_keepalive && !connection_get_outbuf_len(conn)) { /* send a padding cell */ log_fn(LOG_DEBUG,LD_OR,"Sending keepalive to (%s:%d)", conn->address, conn->port); @@@ -1048,10 -872,9 +1048,11 @@@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now static time_t time_to_check_for_expired_networkstatus = 0; static time_t time_to_write_stats_files = 0; static time_t time_to_write_bridge_stats = 0; + static time_t time_to_check_port_forwarding = 0; + static time_t time_to_launch_reachability_tests = 0; static int should_init_bridge_stats = 1; static time_t time_to_retry_dns_init = 0; + static time_t time_to_next_heartbeat = 0; or_options_t *options = get_options(); int is_server = server_mode(options); int i; @@@ -1063,16 -886,6 +1064,16 @@@ */ consider_hibernation(now); +#if 0 + { + static time_t nl_check_time = 0; + if (nl_check_time <= now) { + nodelist_assert_ok(); + nl_check_time = now + 30; + } + } +#endif + /* 0b. If we've deferred a signewnym, make sure it gets handled * eventually. */ if (signewnym_is_pending && @@@ -1103,7 -916,6 +1104,7 @@@ if (time_to_try_getting_descriptors < now) { update_router_descriptor_downloads(now); update_extrainfo_downloads(now); + update_microdesc_downloads(now); if (options->UseBridges) fetch_bridge_descriptors(options, now); if (router_have_minimum_dir_info()) @@@ -1151,8 -963,10 +1152,10 @@@ if (accounting_is_enabled(options)) accounting_run_housekeeping(now); - if (now % 10 == 0 && (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && - !we_are_hibernating()) { + if (time_to_launch_reachability_tests < now && + (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && + !we_are_hibernating()) { + time_to_launch_reachability_tests = now + REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL; /* try to determine reachability of the other Tor relays */ dirserv_test_reachability(now); } @@@ -1223,11 -1037,6 +1226,11 @@@ if (next_write && next_write < next_time_to_write_stats_files) next_time_to_write_stats_files = next_write; } + if (options->ConnDirectionStatistics) { + time_t next_write = rep_hist_conn_stats_write(time_to_write_stats_files); + if (next_write && next_write < next_time_to_write_stats_files) + next_time_to_write_stats_files = next_write; + } time_to_write_stats_files = next_time_to_write_stats_files; } @@@ -1256,8 -1065,8 +1259,8 @@@ /* Remove old information from rephist and the rend cache. */ if (time_to_clean_caches < now) { rep_history_clean(now - options->RephistTrackTime); - rend_cache_clean(); - rend_cache_clean_v2_descs_as_dir(); + rend_cache_clean(now); + rend_cache_clean_v2_descs_as_dir(now); #define CLEAN_CACHES_INTERVAL (30*60) time_to_clean_caches = now + CLEAN_CACHES_INTERVAL; } @@@ -1266,7 -1075,7 +1269,7 @@@ /* If we're a server and initializing dns failed, retry periodically. */ if (time_to_retry_dns_init < now) { time_to_retry_dns_init = now + RETRY_DNS_INTERVAL; - if (server_mode(options) && has_dns_init_failed()) + if (is_server && has_dns_init_failed()) dns_init(); } @@@ -1297,7 -1106,7 +1300,7 @@@ consider_publishable_server(0); /* also, check religiously for reachability, if it's within the first * 20 minutes of our uptime. */ - if (server_mode(options) && + if (is_server && (can_complete_circuit || !any_predicted_circuits(now)) && !we_are_hibernating()) { if (stats_n_seconds_working < TIMEOUT_UNTIL_UNREACHABILITY_COMPLAINT) { @@@ -1308,7 -1117,7 +1311,7 @@@ /* If we haven't checked for 12 hours and our bandwidth estimate is * low, do another bandwidth test. This is especially important for * bridges, since they might go long periods without much use. */ - routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); + const routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); if (time_to_recheck_bandwidth && me && me->bandwidthcapacity < me->bandwidthrate && me->bandwidthcapacity < 51200) { @@@ -1431,24 -1240,6 +1434,24 @@@ #define BRIDGE_STATUSFILE_INTERVAL (30*60) time_to_write_bridge_status_file = now+BRIDGE_STATUSFILE_INTERVAL; } + + if (time_to_check_port_forwarding < now && + options->PortForwarding && + is_server) { +#define PORT_FORWARDING_CHECK_INTERVAL 5 + tor_check_port_forwarding(options->PortForwardingHelper, + options->DirPort, + options->ORPort, + now); + time_to_check_port_forwarding = now+PORT_FORWARDING_CHECK_INTERVAL; + } + + /** 11. write the heartbeat message */ + if (options->HeartbeatPeriod && + time_to_next_heartbeat < now) { + log_heartbeat(now); + time_to_next_heartbeat = now+options->HeartbeatPeriod; + } } /** Timer: used to invoke second_elapsed_callback() once per second. */ @@@ -1468,9 -1259,6 +1471,9 @@@ second_elapsed_callback(periodic_timer_ size_t bytes_written; size_t bytes_read; int seconds_elapsed; +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + uint64_t cur_read,cur_written; +#endif or_options_t *options = get_options(); (void)timer; (void)arg; @@@ -1482,15 -1270,9 +1485,15 @@@ update_approx_time(now); /* the second has rolled over. check more stuff. */ + seconds_elapsed = current_second ? (int)(now - current_second) : 0; +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + connection_get_rate_limit_totals(&cur_read, &cur_written); + bytes_written = (size_t)(cur_written - stats_prev_n_written); + bytes_read = (size_t)(cur_read - stats_prev_n_read); +#else bytes_written = stats_prev_global_write_bucket - global_write_bucket; bytes_read = stats_prev_global_read_bucket - global_read_bucket; - seconds_elapsed = current_second ? (int)(now - current_second) : 0; +#endif stats_n_bytes_read += bytes_read; stats_n_bytes_written += bytes_written; if (accounting_is_enabled(options) && seconds_elapsed >= 0) @@@ -1500,13 -1282,8 +1503,13 @@@ if (seconds_elapsed > 0) connection_bucket_refill(seconds_elapsed, now); +#ifdef USE_BUFFEREVENTS + stats_prev_n_written = cur_written; + stats_prev_n_read = cur_read; +#else stats_prev_global_read_bucket = global_read_bucket; stats_prev_global_write_bucket = global_write_bucket; +#endif if (server_mode(options) && !we_are_hibernating() && @@@ -1516,7 -1293,7 +1519,7 @@@ (stats_n_seconds_working+seconds_elapsed) / TIMEOUT_UNTIL_UNREACHABILITY_COMPLAINT) { /* every 20 minutes, check and complain if necessary */ - routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); + const routerinfo_t *me = router_get_my_routerinfo(); if (me && !check_whether_orport_reachable()) { log_warn(LD_CONFIG,"Your server (%s:%d) has not managed to confirm that " "its ORPort is reachable. Please check your firewalls, ports, " @@@ -1707,10 -1484,8 +1710,10 @@@ do_main_loop(void /* Set up our buckets */ connection_bucket_init(); +#ifndef USE_BUFFEREVENTS stats_prev_global_read_bucket = global_read_bucket; stats_prev_global_write_bucket = global_write_bucket; +#endif /* initialize the bootstrap status events to know we're starting up */ control_event_bootstrap(BOOTSTRAP_STATUS_STARTING, 0); @@@ -1871,13 -1646,11 +1874,13 @@@ signal_callback(int fd, short events, v case SIGUSR1: /* prefer to log it at INFO, but make sure we always see it */ dumpstats(get_min_log_level()<LOG_INFO ? get_min_log_level() : LOG_INFO); + control_event_signal(sig); break; case SIGUSR2: switch_logs_debug(); log_debug(LD_GENERAL,"Caught USR2, going to loglevel debug. " "Send HUP to change back."); + control_event_signal(sig); break; case SIGHUP: if (do_hup() < 0) { @@@ -1885,7 -1658,6 +1888,7 @@@ tor_cleanup(); exit(1); } + control_event_signal(sig); break; #ifdef SIGCHLD case SIGCHLD: @@@ -1902,33 -1674,15 +1905,33 @@@ (int)(MAX_SIGNEWNYM_RATE+time_of_last_signewnym-now)); } else { signewnym_impl(now); + control_event_signal(sig); } break; } case SIGCLEARDNSCACHE: addressmap_clear_transient(); + control_event_signal(sig); break; } } +/** Returns Tor's uptime. */ +long +get_uptime(void) +{ + return stats_n_seconds_working; +} + +/** Fills n_read_in with total bytes read and n_written_out + with total bytes written */ +void +get_traffic_stats(uint64_t *n_read_in, uint64_t *n_written_out) +{ + *n_read_in = stats_n_bytes_read; + *n_written_out = stats_n_bytes_written; +} + extern uint64_t rephist_total_alloc; extern uint32_t rephist_total_num; @@@ -1975,13 -1729,13 +1978,13 @@@ dumpstats(int severity log(severity,LD_GENERAL, "Conn %d: %d bytes waiting on inbuf (len %d, last read %d secs ago)", i, - (int)buf_datalen(conn->inbuf), + (int)connection_get_inbuf_len(conn), (int)buf_allocation(conn->inbuf), (int)(now - conn->timestamp_lastread)); log(severity,LD_GENERAL, "Conn %d: %d bytes waiting on outbuf " "(len %d, last written %d secs ago)",i, - (int)buf_datalen(conn->outbuf), + (int)connection_get_outbuf_len(conn), (int)buf_allocation(conn->outbuf), (int)(now - conn->timestamp_lastwritten)); if (conn->type == CONN_TYPE_OR) { @@@ -2278,7 -2032,6 +2281,7 @@@ tor_free_all(int postfork connection_free_all(); buf_shrink_freelists(1); memarea_clear_freelist(); + nodelist_free_all(); microdesc_free_all(); if (!postfork) { config_free_all();

1 0

[tor/maint-0.2.2] Merge remote branch 'arma/bug2716' into maint-0.2.2
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit b639add1a010d5816ceb693c68ddc3b48655b752 Merge: d34a5cd 61f648a Author: Nick Mathewson <nickm(a)torproject.org> Date: Mon Mar 14 15:29:02 2011 -0400 Merge remote branch 'arma/bug2716' into maint-0.2.2 changes/bug2716 | 5 +++++ src/or/dirserv.c | 22 ++++++++++++++++------ src/or/dirserv.h | 12 ++++++++++++ src/or/main.c | 7 +++++-- 4 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) diff --combined src/or/dirserv.c index 40136a1,09da66d..18abd18 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@@ -43,8 -43,6 +43,8 @@@ extern time_t time_of_process_start; /* from main.c */ +extern long stats_n_seconds_working; /* from main.c */ + /** Do we need to regenerate the v1 directory when someone asks for it? */ static time_t the_directory_is_dirty = 1; /** Do we need to regenerate the v1 runningrouters document when somebody @@@ -971,8 -969,18 +971,18 @@@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinf } if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) { - /* not considered reachable. tell rephist. */ - rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, now); + /* Not considered reachable. tell rephist about that. + + Because we launch a reachability test for each router every + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds, then the router has probably + been down since at least that time after we last successfully reached + it. + */ + time_t when = now; + if (router->last_reachable && + router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD < now) + when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD; + rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when); } router->is_running = answer; @@@ -1777,22 -1785,7 +1787,22 @@@ dirserv_thinks_router_is_unreliable(tim static int dirserv_thinks_router_is_hs_dir(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) { - long uptime = real_uptime(router, now); + + long uptime; + + /* If we haven't been running for at least + * get_options()->MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2 seconds, we can't + * have accurate data telling us a relay has been up for at least + * that long. We also want to allow a bit of slack: Reachability + * tests aren't instant. If we haven't been running long enough, + * trust the relay. */ + + if (stats_n_seconds_working > + get_options()->MinUptimeHidServDirectoryV2 * 1.1) + uptime = MIN(rep_hist_get_uptime(router->cache_info.identity_digest, now), + real_uptime(router, now)); + else + uptime = real_uptime(router, now); /* XXX We shouldn't need to check dir_port, but we do because of * bug 1693. In the future, once relays set wants_to_be_hs_dir @@@ -3204,8 -3197,8 +3214,8 @@@ dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_ * try a few connections per call. * * The load balancing is such that if we get called once every ten - * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in 1280 seconds (a - * bit over 20 minutes). + * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in + * REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds (a bit over 20 minutes). */ void dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now) @@@ -3231,11 -3224,11 +3241,11 @@@ continue; /* bridge authorities only test reachability on bridges */ // if (router->cache_info.published_on > cutoff) // continue; - if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % 128) == ctr) { + if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) == ctr) { dirserv_single_reachability_test(now, router); } } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(router); - ctr = (ctr + 1) % 128; /* increment ctr */ + ctr = (ctr + 1) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST; /* increment ctr */ } /** Given a fingerprint fp which is either set if we're looking for a

1 0

[tor/maint-0.2.2] Tweak bug2716 patch a little
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit 176fde505fde38afa56ddce04606118b9080546e Author: Nick Mathewson <nickm(a)torproject.org> Date: Sat Mar 12 00:19:52 2011 -0500 Tweak bug2716 patch a little Name the magic value "10" rather than re-deriving it. Comment more. Use the pattern that works for periodic timers, not the pattern that doesn't work. ;) --- src/or/dirserv.c | 12 +++++++++--- src/or/dirserv.h | 6 +++++- src/or/main.c | 4 +++- 3 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.c b/src/or/dirserv.c index 7386927..b68e005 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@ -969,11 +969,17 @@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) } if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) { - /* not considered reachable. tell rephist. */ + /* Not considered reachable. tell rephist about that. + + Because we launch a reachability test for each router every + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds, then the router has probably + been down since at least that time after we last successfully reached + it. + */ time_t when = now; if (router->last_reachable && - router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD < now) - when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD; + router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD < now) + when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD; rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when); } diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.h b/src/or/dirserv.h index 949482b..569abfc 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.h +++ b/src/or/dirserv.h @@ -17,8 +17,12 @@ * test? */ #define REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST 128 +/** How often (in seconds) do we launch reachability tests? */ +#define REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL 10 + /** How many seconds apart are the reachability tests for a given relay? */ -#define REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD (10*REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) +#define REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD \ + (REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL*REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) /** Maximum length of an exit policy summary. */ #define MAX_EXITPOLICY_SUMMARY_LEN 1000 diff --git a/src/or/main.c b/src/or/main.c index 558608e..214a4fa 100644 --- a/src/or/main.c +++ b/src/or/main.c @@ -872,6 +872,7 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now) static time_t time_to_check_for_expired_networkstatus = 0; static time_t time_to_write_stats_files = 0; static time_t time_to_write_bridge_stats = 0; + static time_t time_to_launch_reachability_tests = 0; static int should_init_bridge_stats = 1; static time_t time_to_retry_dns_init = 0; or_options_t *options = get_options(); @@ -962,9 +963,10 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now) if (accounting_is_enabled(options)) accounting_run_housekeeping(now); - if (now % REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD/REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST == 0 && + if (time_to_launch_reachability_tests < now && (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && !we_are_hibernating()) { + time_to_launch_reachability_tests = now + REACHABILITY_TEST_INTERVAL; /* try to determine reachability of the other Tor relays */ dirserv_test_reachability(now); }

1 0

[tor/maint-0.2.2] improve accuracy for when a relay went unreachable
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit 977e396e866052a20de73f4e8121e514d4eff774 Author: Roger Dingledine <arma(a)torproject.org> Date: Fri Mar 11 22:12:15 2011 -0500 improve accuracy for when a relay went unreachable --- changes/bug2716 | 5 +++++ src/or/dirserv.c | 13 +++++++++---- src/or/dirserv.h | 8 ++++++++ src/or/main.c | 5 +++-- 4 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/changes/bug2716 b/changes/bug2716 new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4663ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/changes/bug2716 @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + o Minor features: + - When a relay has failed several reachability tests, be more accurate + at recording when it became unreachable, so we can in turn provide + more accuracy at assigning Stable, Guard, HSDir, etc flags. Bugfix + on 0.2.0.6-alpha. Resolves bug 2716. diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.c b/src/or/dirserv.c index aeeab45..7386927 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@ -970,7 +970,11 @@ dirserv_set_router_is_running(routerinfo_t *router, time_t now) if (!answer && running_long_enough_to_decide_unreachable()) { /* not considered reachable. tell rephist. */ - rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, now); + time_t when = now; + if (router->last_reachable && + router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD < now) + when = router->last_reachable + REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD; + rep_hist_note_router_unreachable(router->cache_info.identity_digest, when); } router->is_running = answer; @@ -3187,7 +3191,8 @@ dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_t now, routerinfo_t *router) * try a few connections per call. * * The load balancing is such that if we get called once every ten - * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in 1280 seconds (a + * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in + * 10*REACHABILITY_MASK_PER_TEST seconds (a * bit over 20 minutes). */ void @@ -3214,11 +3219,11 @@ dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now) continue; /* bridge authorities only test reachability on bridges */ // if (router->cache_info.published_on > cutoff) // continue; - if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % 128) == ctr) { + if ((((uint8_t)id_digest[0]) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) == ctr) { dirserv_single_reachability_test(now, router); } } SMARTLIST_FOREACH_END(router); - ctr = (ctr + 1) % 128; /* increment ctr */ + ctr = (ctr + 1) % REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST; /* increment ctr */ } /** Given a fingerprint fp which is either set if we're looking for a diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.h b/src/or/dirserv.h index 56ad7a6..949482b 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.h +++ b/src/or/dirserv.h @@ -12,6 +12,14 @@ #ifndef _TOR_DIRSERV_H #define _TOR_DIRSERV_H +/** What fraction (1 over this number) of the relay ID space do we + * (as a directory authority) launch connections to at each reachability + * test? */ +#define REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST 128 + +/** How many seconds apart are the reachability tests for a given relay? */ +#define REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD (10*REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST) + /** Maximum length of an exit policy summary. */ #define MAX_EXITPOLICY_SUMMARY_LEN 1000 diff --git a/src/or/main.c b/src/or/main.c index 979a2be..558608e 100644 --- a/src/or/main.c +++ b/src/or/main.c @@ -962,8 +962,9 @@ run_scheduled_events(time_t now) if (accounting_is_enabled(options)) accounting_run_housekeeping(now); - if (now % 10 == 0 && (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && - !we_are_hibernating()) { + if (now % REACHABILITY_TEST_PERIOD/REACHABILITY_MODULO_PER_TEST == 0 && + (authdir_mode_tests_reachability(options)) && + !we_are_hibernating()) { /* try to determine reachability of the other Tor relays */ dirserv_test_reachability(now); }

1 0

[tor/maint-0.2.2] fix one more typo
by nickm＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit 61f648ae3764daacb3865c8344f0381fd09a8e45 Author: Roger Dingledine <arma(a)torproject.org> Date: Sun Mar 13 15:22:45 2011 -0400 fix one more typo --- src/or/dirserv.c | 3 +-- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/or/dirserv.c b/src/or/dirserv.c index b68e005..09da66d 100644 --- a/src/or/dirserv.c +++ b/src/or/dirserv.c @@ -3198,8 +3198,7 @@ dirserv_single_reachability_test(time_t now, routerinfo_t *router) * * The load balancing is such that if we get called once every ten * seconds, we will cycle through all the tests in - * 10*REACHABILITY_MASK_PER_TEST seconds (a - * bit over 20 minutes). + * REACHABILITY_TEST_CYCLE_PERIOD seconds (a bit over 20 minutes). */ void dirserv_test_reachability(time_t now)

1 0

[metrics-tasks/master] Add counting users tech report for #2647.
by karsten＠torproject.org 15 Mar '11

15 Mar '11

commit 75984b3dc3849903747f17497fc66c194e93b3a5 Author: Karsten Loesing <karsten.loesing(a)gmx.net> Date: Mon Mar 14 19:11:19 2011 +0100 Add counting users tech report for #2647. --- task-2647/.gitignore | 4 + task-2647/bridge-users.pdf | 981 ++++++++++++++++ task-2647/countingusers.tex | 1044 +++++++++++++++++ task-2647/dirbytes-mirrors.pdf | 1114 ++++++++++++++++++ task-2647/entrystats.pdf | 1304 ++++++++++++++++++++++ task-2647/estimated-users.pdf | 1467 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ task-2647/newusers.pdf | 1444 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ task-2647/trusted-details.pdf | 2413 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ task-2647/trusted.pdf | 912 +++++++++++++++ 9 files changed, 10683 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-) diff --git a/task-2647/.gitignore b/task-2647/.gitignore new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bc423ca --- /dev/null +++ b/task-2647/.gitignore @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.aux +*.log +countingusers.pdf + diff --git a/task-2647/bridge-users.pdf b/task-2647/bridge-users.pdf new file mode 100644 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+<< +/Size 10 +/Info 1 0 R +/Root 2 0 R +>> +startxref +14716 +%%EOF diff --git a/task-2647/countingusers.tex b/task-2647/countingusers.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c05f2b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/task-2647/countingusers.tex @@ -0,0 +1,1044 @@ +\documentclass{article} +\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx} +\usepackage{graphics} +\usepackage{color} + +\begin{document} + +\author{Sebastian Hahn and Karsten Loesing\\{\tt\{sebastian,karsten\}(a)torproject.org}} +\title{Privacy-preserving Ways to\\Estimate the Number of Tor Users} +%Counting Users in the Tor Network in a Privacy-Preserving Way +\maketitle + +\section{Introduction} + +The Tor network allows hundreds of thousands of users every day to stay +anonymous online and enables additional tens of thousands of people in +oppressed countries to circumvent local censorship. +At least, these are the orders of magnitude of Tor usage that we assume +at the time of writing this report. +Estimating the number of users in an anonymity network is a hard +problem. +On the one hand, it's important to learn something about the users of a +network to improve its service. +On the other hand, the users of an anonymity network have a high +demand for privacy, which prohibits collecting sensitive information that +is necessary to obtain exact usage statistics. +In this report we describe our approaches to collect aggregated usage +data and derive user number estimates from them. +% cite WESCR 2010 paper? + +We start with our two current approaches to estimate the number of +non-censored daily users. +These approaches are based on counting the number of directory +requests that clients make to update their network information. +Clients need to download initial network information from a small fixed +set of relays, the directory authorities, and refresh their network +information in regular intervals from a larger changing set of relays, the +directory mirrors. +We describe our current approach to estimate the number of new and +returning users from requests seen at directory authorities in +Section~\ref{sec:auths} and our estimate of recurring users based on +requests to directory mirrors in Section~\ref{sec:current}. +%from one of a few hundred relays that are configured as directory mirrors. +%We count these requests on a fast directory mirror, which also reports +%what share of the total requests in the network it thinks it has answered. +%We project the total number of requests in the network using the +%self-reported share and divide by the number of requests that each client +%makes to estimate the total number of users. + +In Section~\ref{sec:combine}, we extend our current approach to count +recurring users by combining reported directory requests from multiple +directory mirrors. +%We estimate the fraction of observed requests from the number of bytes +%that directory mirrors spend on answering directory requests instead of +%relying on self-reported expected shares. +The result is a less volatile user number estimate with fewer outliers and +missing data points. + +The previous approaches have in common that they estimate user numbers +based on the number of directory requests. +In Section~\ref{sec:entry} we discuss an estimation based on the number of +unique IP addresses seen on a fast directory mirror. +Clients open numerous connections to directory mirrors to download +updated network status information such as new consensuses and +the relay descriptors therein. +%There are roughly 2000 relays in the Tor network at the time of writing. +%Clients need to download the descriptors of all relays, so that they can, +%in theory, use any relay for building a circuit. +A quick analysis of the logs of a bootstrapping Tor client reveals that a +relay that is chosen for 5~\% of all directory requests sees at least +two-thirds of all client IP addresses. +% Explain what kind of analysis? +% +%As a result, Tor is going to introduce the concept of \emph{directory +%guards} which makes client select a fixed set of directory mirrors for all +%requests. +%But until directory guards are implemented, +We can use the number of +unique IP addresses on a fast directory mirror to estimate the number of +daily users. +The presented approach is based on data coming from a single directory +mirror. +Combining unique IP addresses from multiple directory mirrors needs to be +done very carefully and is left for future work. + +We sketch a design to introduce a new counting cell type in +Section~\ref{sec:countingcell}. +Clients would send counting cells once a day to counting authorities or +entry guards. +We discuss the attack potential and possible defenses against adversarial actions. +% TODO is there a better word than 'trick'? yes. + +In Section~\ref{sec:bridges} we describe our current approach to count +censored users. +These users cannot connect to the publicly known relays to download +directory information or establish circuits. +Therefore, censored users have to learn about one or more bridge relays +which behave in a similar manner to normal relays except that they are not listed in +the public directory. +%Clients fetch all their directory information and establish all their +%circuits with a bridge as their first entry point into the Tor network. +Bridges report the number of unique IP addresses they see every day. +Our current approach to count censored users is to simply sum up these +unique IP addresses per day. +We discuss shortcomings and propose improvements to derive a better +estimate for censored Tor users. + +We conclude with a comparison of the described approaches, identify the +most promising approaches, recommend possible improvements, and outline +future work in Section~\ref{sec:conclusion}. + +\section{Counting requests on directory authorities} +\label{sec:auths} + +As of mid 2010, we use two approaches to estimate the number of +non-censored Tor users: +The first approach captures the number of new or returning users, the +second approach counts the recurring users. +This distinction comes from the design of our estimates that are both +based on Tor's directory protocol. + +Whenever a client bootstraps or when its network information becomes +stale, the client requests a fresh network status, which is a list of all +currently running relays, from the directories. +New clients which do not have any directory information pick one of +a fixed set of hard-coded directory authorities for their request. +There are currently eight such directory authorities, but the set can be +changed whenever a new version of the Tor software is released. +Returning clients with outdated network information take the same +approach. +Recurring clients with still recent network information choose a directory +mirror for their update request. +The approach for counting new and returning users is described in this +section, the approach for counting recurring users in the next section. + +Seven out of eight directory authorities report the number of directory +requests they're answering every day. +When we started estimating new and returning users, only one or two +directory authorities were reporting these data. +That is why we weight the requests seen by a single directory authority +with the expected fraction of requests that the directory authority should +see. +In 2009, clients knew about 7 directory authorities of which on average 6 +were running at the same time. +Hence, we made the assumption that the directory authorities reporting +request numbers were picked for every sixth request by new and returning +clients. +Even though an eighth directory authority has been added in 2010, only +clients running a recent development version of Tor use this new directory +authority. +We therefore stick with our original assumption that a directory authority +sees 1 out of 6 requests. +We multiply the reported request number by 6 to obtain an estimate of +daily new or returning users. + +\begin{figure}[t] +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{newusers.pdf} +\caption{Estimated number of new and returning users} +\label{fig:newusers} +\end{figure} + +Figure~\ref{fig:newusers} shows the estimated number of new or returning +users based on the request numbers reported by directory authority +\texttt{gabelmoo} (black) and the average reported request numbers by all +directory authorities (gray). +The estimated user number based on the average of all directory +authorities is 20 to 25 thousand users higher than the numbers reported +by \texttt{gabelmoo}, but in general, both estimates are of the same order +of magnitude. +The peak in March 2010 results from a single directory authority reporting +ten times as many requests as the other directory authorities. +This is probably due to a bug in the Tor code and not an actual increase in +users. +The increase in April 2010 can also be explained by bugs in the Tor code +which led to overloading the network. +We therefore expect the average number of new or returning users to be +around 100 thousand. + +However, it's difficult to interpret this estimated user number in a +meaningful way. +We don't know how many hours per day a typical user is connected to the +network and after how many hours or days they typically return. +We are more interested in the total number of users connecting to the +network at least once a day. +This question can better be answered by the estimates described below +which attempt to count the number of recurring users. + +\section{Counting requests on directory mirrors} +\label{sec:current} + +Our current approach for estimating (recurring) daily users is based on +the fact that every client needs to refresh its network information every +few hours in order to make indistinguishable path selection decisions. +Clients weight their choice of a directory mirror by the relays' bandwidth +capacities in order to load-balance requests. +The idea of this approach is to infer the number of users from the number +of directory requests on a fast directory mirror and weight them with the +request share the reporting directory mirrors expects to see. + +For our user number estimation, we count the number of network status +requests on a fast directory mirror. +We first estimate how many network status requests there are in the +network by dividing the local request number by the share of requests that +this particular directory mirror thinks it should see. +As an approximation of the request share, the directory mirror reports +the probability of picking itself if it were a client. +In the second step we estimate the number of users by dividing the global +network status request numbers by 10 on the assumption that every client +makes on average 10 requests per day. +10 is probably a too high number, but one that prevents us from +over-counting our users. +% We could derive some statistics from the Torperfs running on moria to +% support our assumption that 10 is too high. + +\begin{equation} +U_t = \frac{r_t}{s_t \times 10} +\end{equation} + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{p{0.75cm}p{9cm}} +$U_t$ & User number estimate based on directory requests to directory +mirror \texttt{trusted}\\ +$r_t$ & Directory requests to directory mirror \texttt{trusted}\\ +$s_t$ & Share of directory requests expected at directory mirror +\texttt{trusted}\\ +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +\begin{figure}[t] +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{trusted.pdf} +\caption{User number estimate based on directory requests to directory +mirror \texttt{trusted}} +\label{fig:trusted} +\end{figure} + +\begin{figure}[t] +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{trusted-details.pdf} +\caption{Directory requests, shares, and user number estimate, based on +directory requests to directory mirror \texttt{trusted}} +\label{fig:trusted-details} +\end{figure} + +Figure~\ref{fig:trusted} shows the daily user number estimate based on +directory requests to the fast directory mirror \texttt{trusted}. +Evidently, this estimate is flawed by having outliers and lots of missing +values. +Some of these problems can be explained when looking at the input data. +Figure~\ref{fig:trusted-details} shows the directory requests $r_t$ and +expected share of requests $s_t$ as well as the estimated user number +$U_t$. +From these two graphs we can make a few observations: + +\begin{itemize} +\item The peaks in May 2010 and later with 1.2 million and 800 +thousand daily users (marked with gray circles) are probably not accurate user +numbers, but more likely measurement errors. +These data points result from directory request shares being slightly +higher than 1~\%. +(Data points with directory request shares of 1~\% or less are excluded +anyway; if these data points were included, there would have been even +more outliers with millions of users which are unlikely real.) +Raising the bar to 1.5~\% would eliminate these outliers, but would also +remove a lot of, apparently correct, data points. +\item In September 2009 (first dashed line), user numbers increased from +roughly 150 to 250 thousand, and volatility of user numbers increased by +factor 2 to 3. +While the request numbers remain more or less stable during this time, +the expected share of requests seen by \texttt{trusted} drops from 3.5~\% +to 2~\%. +The reason for this decrease is that more recent clients started weighting +relays by active bandwidth scanner results instead of the relays' +self-reported bandwidth claims. +However, \texttt{trusted} assumes that all clients use the bandwidth +scanner results for path selection which is not the case. +\item Beginning in June 2010 (second dashed line), shares drop to zero for +about a month, stabilize at around 1.5~\% for two months and then +oscillate between 0 and 9~\%. +The reason for this behavior is the introduction of consensus weights that further help +clients to make good path selection decisions. +Again, \texttt{trusted} bases its expected request share on the +assumption that all clients use consensus weights for their path selection +decisions which is wrong. +\end{itemize} + +In summary, the major problem with the described approach is the +approximation of the request share that a directory mirror expects to see. +The various deployed Tor versions all use different weights for picking a +directory mirror: +Clients running Tor version 0.2.0.x use the relays' self-advertised +bandwidths to decide which directory mirror to pick. +Clients on version 0.2.1.x use actively measured bandwidths from four +bandwidth scanners running on the authoritative directory servers for +their choice. +Clients running version 0.2.2.x base their decision on the measured +bandwidths, but weighted by network-wide factors depending on the assigned +relay flags of a directory mirror. +The shares reported by directory mirror \texttt{trusted} reflect a +situation in which all clients run the same Tor version as +\texttt{trusted} at the given time, which is not the case. +While we could calculate shares independent of \texttt{trusted}, we have +no reliable data about the fractions of running client versions and could +therefore not weight the calculated version-specific request shares. +In the next section we discuss an approach to combine the findings of +multiple directory mirrors and replace the expected request share by a +more reliable metric. + +% It might also be problematic that relays update their advertised +% bandwidth only every 18 hours when publishing a new descriptor. +% Likewise, bandwidth scanners scan a relay only every so often. There +% may be significant changes from one bandwidth value to the next, but +% clients take a few hours to notice that change. More research would be +% necessary, but we already know the approach is broken, so might as well +% not care. + +The second problem with the described approach is that the estimated user +number is less precise the fewer requests a directory mirror sees. +When we started estimating user numbers based on directory mirror +\texttt{trusted}, it reported shares of roughly 3.5~\% of all requests in +the network. +With the introduction of the various performance improvements and with the +recent increase in fast directory mirrors, this share has decreased to +1.5~\%. +As we can see, estimations based on a fraction of observations this small +are not very reliable. + +The third problem is that we can only guess that a client makes 10 network +status requests per day. +While this assumption may work for clients which are connected to the Tor +network all day, other clients may well send fewer requests than 10. +We do not have any data about the average hours of Tor usage per day to +come up with a better number than 10 requests. +If, for example, the real number of requests per client was 5, our +estimate would be off by a factor 2. +The good news is that, while being off by an unknown factor, we're off by +that factor all the time, so that comparisons over time are still +accurate. + +% Idea for implementing directory guards: With all relays caching +% directory information, instead of building circuits to directories +% *using* directory guards, clients could simply ask their directory +% guards for whatever directory information they want to know. + +\section{Combining requests to directory mirrors} +\label{sec:combine} + +%\paragraph{Summing up requests and shares} +% +%The first new approach combines directory requests simply by summing up +%requests and shares of all directory mirrors reporting these numbers. +%While \texttt{trusted} was the only fast directory mirror reporting +%directory requests for about a year, a couple of even faster relays +%started reporting these numbers in August 2010. +% +%\begin{equation} +%U_s = \frac{r}{s \times 10} +%\end{equation} +% +%\begin{center} +%\begin{tabular}{p{1cm}p{9cm}} +%$U_s$ & User estimate based on sums of all directory requests and shares\\ +%$r$ & Directory requests to all reporting directory mirrors\\ +%$s$ & Share of directory requests expected at all reporting directory +%mirrors\\ +%\end{tabular} +%\end{center} +% +%\begin{figure}[t] +%\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{share.png} +%\caption{Directory requests, shares and user number estimate based on +%directory requests by all reporting directory mirrors (black), compared +%to \texttt{trusted} only (gray)} +%\label{fig:share} +%\end{figure} +% +%Figure~\ref{fig:share} shows the total requests, shares, and estimated +%users based on all reporting directory mirrors. +%The total request numbers and reported shares exceed those of +%\texttt{trusted} in May 2010 and from August 2010 on. +%The resulting user number estimate is similar to the current approach +%until May 2010, because \texttt{trusted} was reporting most of the +%requests during that time anyway. +%Beginning in May 2010, the combined numbers have by far fewer missing +%data points, because it's easier to reach shares of 1~\% or higher with +%multiple data source. +%At the same time, the estimated user numbers are lower when combining all +%available data sources. +% +%The results of this new approach are still not satisfactory. +%In particular the estimates of about 1 million users in May 2010 and later +%are hardly correct. +%In addition to that, it's unlikely that the reporting directory mirrors +%saw up to 80~\% of all requests in September and October 2010. +%In the two approaches below we drop the self-reported expected directory +%request shares completely and use different metrics to answer what +%fraction of directory requests have been reported on a given day. +% +%\paragraph{Estimating total requests using bandwidth histories} +% +%The second new approach to combine directory requests makes use of +%bandwidth histories to estimate what fraction of directory requests has +%been reported. +%Rather than resembling clients' decisions for selecting relays (which can +%be difficult with the different deployed path selection strategies), we +%use the bandwidth histories reported by relays to estimate what fraction +%of directory requests they have seen. +%If all directory mirrors reporting directory requests together have +%pushed $b_{pr}$ bytes and all directory mirrors, whether or not they +%report directory requests, have pushed $b_p$ bytes, we expect that in the +%whole network, there have been $\frac{b_p}{b_{pr}}$ as many directory +%requests as we have seen. +%The underlying assumption is that the directory mirrors reporting +%directory requests spend the same fraction of bytes on answering directory +%requests as all directory mirrors. +% +%\begin{equation} +%U_p = r \times \frac{b_p}{b_{pr} \times 10} +%\end{equation} +% +%\begin{center} +%\begin{tabular}{p{1cm}p{9cm}} +%$U_p$ & User estimate based on directory requests to all reporting +%directory mirrors, weighted by bandwidth histories\\ +%$r$ & Directory requests answered by all reporting directory mirrors\\ +%$b_p$ & Written and read bytes by all directory mirrors\\ +%$b_{pr}$ & Written and read bytes by directory mirrors that report +%directory requests\\ +%\end{tabular} +%\end{center} +% +%\begin{figure}[t] +%\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{bwhist.png} +%\caption{Directory requests, shares and user number estimate based on +%directory requests weighted by bandwidth histories} +%\label{fig:bwhist} +%\end{figure} +% +%Figure~\ref{fig:bwhist} shows the estimated users based on directory +%requests weighted by written and read bytes of reporting directory mirrors +%compared to all directory mirrors. +%The user number estimate is less volatile than the previous two estimates +%and has no outliers in the millions. +%There are also only very few missing data points, because the share is +%above 1~\% most of the time. +% +%However, the range of 50 to 500 thousand daily users is still higher than +%expected. +%It might be that the assumption that directory mirrors reporting directory +%requests spend the same fraction of bytes on answering directory requests +%as all directory mirrors is inaccurate. +%We hope that this assumption becomes less important with an even higher +%number of directory mirrors reporting directory requests in the future. + +The major shortcomings of the approach described in the previous section +are very low request shares of 1.5~\% or less and the difficulty to +accurately estimate shares of directory requests seen at directory mirrors. +In this section we discuss a new approach to overcome these two problems. +The presented approach combines the reported directory request numbers +from multiple directory mirrors and uses the relays' bandwidth histories +to determine what fraction of the total requests in the network have been +reported. + +This new approach utilizes a recently introduced metric: bytes spent on +answering directory requests. +Directory mirrors running Tor version 0.2.2.15-alpha or higher report +how many bytes they spent on answering directory requests in addition to +the number of bytes they spent on all traffic. +By looking at the relay descriptor archives, we can estimate the number of +directory bytes written on a give day by both the relays reporting directory requests and all +directory mirrors (including those that did not report directory requests). + +As a first step we estimate the number of directory bytes written by +directory mirrors. +Only a fraction of the directory mirrors are running Tor version +0.2.2.15-alpha or higher, which is why we have to extrapolate the number +of directory bytes from the reported number. +For the first estimation we assume that every directory mirror spends the +same fraction of its total bytes on answering directory requests. +Hence, the reported number of directory bytes constitute a fraction of +total directory bytes in the network that is equal to the number of bytes +written by directory mirrors reporting directory bytes divided by the +number of bytes written by all directory mirrors. +% +%\begin{equation} +%d_p = \frac{d \times b_p}{b_d} +%\end{equation} +% +%\begin{center} +%\begin{tabular}{p{1cm}p{9cm}} +%$d_p$ & Estimated directory bytes\\ +%$d$ & Reported directory bytes\\ +%$b_p$ & Reported written bytes by all directory mirrors\\ +%$b_d$ & Reported written bytes by directory mirrors reporting directory +%bytes\\ +%\end{tabular} +%\end{center} + +For the second estimation we assume that the difference between total +written and total read bytes on directory mirrors is to a large extent the +result of answering small directory requests with large directory objects. +We observed that relays that don't mirror the directory write more bytes +than they read, too, but the difference between written and read bytes is +much smaller than on directory mirrors. +We weight the bytes written by directory mirrors with the quotient of +read and written bytes on relays that don't mirror the directory in order +to account for non-directory related factors. +We then subtract the number of bytes read by directory mirrors and obtain +an estimate of directory bytes written by directory mirrors. + +\begin{figure}[t] +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{dirbytes-mirrors.pdf} +\caption{Estimated directory bytes written by directory mirrors based on +the extrapolation of reported directory bytes (gray) and the difference +between written and read bytes (black)} +\label{fig:dirbytes-mirrors} +\end{figure} + +Figure~\ref{fig:dirbytes-mirrors} shows the two directory bytes +estimations. +Until mid-September 2010, the extrapolation of reported directory bytes +(gray) is slightly higher than the difference between written and read +bytes (black), but both estimates are of the same order of magnitude. +The difference of up to 4~MiB/s is not much when comparing it to the total +number of bytes written by directory mirrors, which is 300~MiB/s at the +time of writing. +With only three months of data, it is unclear which of the two estimates +is more accurate. +For the following analysis we use the difference between written and read +bytes as estimate for directory bytes, because these numbers are available +for the past 1.5 years. +Once we have a larger fraction of directory mirrors reporting directory +bytes we are going to revisit and possibly adjust this estimate. + +Now that we have an estimate of directory bytes written by all directory +mirrors and by the directory mirrors reporting directory requests, we can +extrapolate the number of observed directory requests to learn the total +number of directory requests in the network. +We assume that directory mirrors reporting directory requests spend the +same fraction of directory bytes on answering directory requests as all +directory mirrors. + +\begin{equation} +U_d = \frac{r \times (b^w_p \times \frac{b^r_n}{b^w_n} - b^r_p)}{(b^w_{pr} \times \frac{b^r_n}{b^w_n} - b^r_{pr}) \times 10} +\end{equation} + +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{p{0.75cm}p{9cm}} +$U_d$ & User number estimate based on multiple directory mirrors reporting +directory requests\\ +$r$ & Reported directory requests\\ +$b^w_p$ & Total bytes written by all directory mirrors\\ +$b^r_p$ & Total bytes read by all directory mirrors\\ +$b^w_n$ & Total bytes written by all relays that don't mirror the +directory\\ +$b^r_n$ & Total bytes read by all relays that don't mirror the directory\\ +$b^w_{pr}$ & Total bytes written by all directory mirrors reporting +directory requests\\ +$b^r_{pr}$ & Total bytes read by all directory mirrors reporting directory +requests\\ +\end{tabular} +\end{center} + +\begin{figure}[t] +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{estimated-users.pdf} +\caption{User number estimate based on all reported directory requests +weighted by estimated written directory bytes (black) compared to the +current approach based on directory requests to directory mirror +\texttt{trusted} (gray)} +\label{fig:estimated-users} +\end{figure} + +Figure~\ref{fig:estimated-users} shows the new user number estimate +(black) and compares it to the current approach (gray). +The new user number estimate is less volatile and has no outliers in the +millions. +There are also no missing data points anymore, because the combined +directory requests originate from a fraction of directory mirrors that is +greater than 1~\% in the observed time interval. + +%We recommend to increase the fraction of directory mirrors reporting +%directory requests to have a more solid data basis. +%Possible next steps are to ask relay operators running fast and stable +%relays to collect and report these aggregate statistics. +%Further, the configuration option for reporting directory requests could +%be set by default for all relays. +%Once we have more data, we are going to revisit this approach and maybe +%fine-tune it. + +%\paragraph{Projecting requests using read/written directory bytes} +% +%We need to learn two data points to calculate what fraction of directory +%bytes the directory mirrors reporting directory requests have pushed. +%First, we need to calculate the number of directory bytes that all +%directory mirrors in the network pushed. +% +%\begin{verbatim} +%We need to find out what fraction of dirreqs are reported to us. +%We assume that the number of dirreqs that a relay answers scales +%proportionally to the number of dirbytes that the relay pushes, i.e., a +%relay that pushes 10 % of all dirbytes also answers 10 % of all dirreqs. +%We need to learn two things in order to answer this question: +%First, how many dirbytes did all relays in the network push? +%Second, how many dirbytes did the relays that report dirreqs push? +% +%We'll start by answering the first subproblem. +%We'd like to learn how many dirbytes were read/written in the network, +%but not all relays report dirbytes. +%Therefore, we weight the reported dirbytes with the fraction of total +%(non-dir) bytes that the relays reporting dirbytes pushed as compared to +%all pushed bytes. +%In order to answer the first question, we count: +% +%b: total reported bytes +%d: total reported dirbytes +%b_d: bytes reported by relays reporting dirbytes +% +%We then can estimate the total number of dirbytes. +% +%D = d * b / b_d +%D: total estimated dirbytes +% +%<dirbytes-total.png> +% +%We need to make sure that enough relays report dirbytes, or our +%extrapolation is based on too few data points. +%The fraction of bytes reported by relays that report dirbytes shouldn't +% +%drop below, say, 15 %. +%The graph only shows data for the fraction being 15 % or higher. +% +%f_bd = b_d / b +%f_bd: fraction of bytes reported by relays that report dirbytes +% +%The second sub problem to solve is to find out how many dirbytes have been +%pushed by the relays that report dirreqs. +%We again use the non-dir bytes that are reported by all relays for the +%extrapolation. +%We count: +% +%d_r: dirbytes reported by relays reporting dirreqs +%b_r: bytes reported by relays reporting dirreqs +%b_dr: bytes reported by relays reporting dirbytes and dirreqs +% +%We can then estimate the number of dirbytes being pushed by all relays +%reporting dirreqs. +% +%D_r = d_r * b_r / b_dr +%D_r: total estimated dirbytes reported by relays reporting dirreqs +% +%<dirbytes-part.png> +% +%Finally, we can estimate the total number of dirreqs by using the two +%estimates calculated above. +% +%R = r * D / D_r = r * (d * b / b_d) / (d_r * b_r / b_dr) +%R: total estimated dirreqs, different approaches +% +%Finally assume that each user makes 10 requests per day: +%U = R / 10 +%U: total estimate daily users +% +%\end{verbatim} + +\section{Counting IP addresses at directory mirrors} +\label{sec:entry} + +An alternative approach to count daily users is to count unique IP +addresses on a relay that sees most of the clients at least once a day. +A fast directory mirror is such a relay. +Clients open numerous connections to directory mirrors, in addition to +downloading network statuses, to download relay descriptors. +The Tor network consists of roughly 2000 relays at the time of writing, +and clients attempt to download all relay descriptors, so that they can +build circuits with any of these relays. +Clients split downloads among directory mirrors, because requests cannot +contain more than 96 relay descriptor identifiers. + +A quick analysis shows that an always running Tor client sends out on +average 80 requests for relay descriptors per day. +The probability of a fast directory mirror, say, one that is chosen for +5~\% of all directory requests, to be contacted at least once a day is +$1-0.95^{80} = 98.3\%$. +Even a client that only connects to the network for a few minutes per day +downloads all current descriptors which takes at least +$\lceil2000 / 96\rceil = 21$ requests. +The probability of such a client contacting a directory mirror that sees +5~\% of all requests is $1-0.95^{21} = 65.9\%$. + +In the near future, Tor is going to introduce \emph{directory guards}. +The idea is that clients pick a small number of relays as their directory +guards and send all directory requests to them. +This is meant to prevent a single malicious directory mirror from learning +about many client IP addresses. +But until directory guards are implemented, we can use the number of +unique IP addresses observed on a fast directory mirror to estimate the +number of daily users. + +\begin{figure}[t] +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{entrystats.pdf} +\caption{User number estimates based on unique IP addresses reported by +the fast directory mirror \texttt{trusted} (black) and two other fast +directory mirrors} +\label{fig:entrystats} +\end{figure} + +Figure~\ref{fig:entrystats} shows the user number estimates +based on unique IP addresses seen on three fast directory mirrors. +The fast directory mirror {\tt trusted} reports the highest number of +unique IP addresses of all three directory mirrors. +There are two time intervals when two or all three directory mirrors +report similar numbers: from December 2009 to January 2010 and from late +April to early May 2010. +The fact that the directory mirrors report similar numbers during those +times is an indication that they all saw the majority of clients in the +network. +We therefore believe that the user number estimates of 150 to 250 thousand +daily users are accurate and pose a realistic upper bound of the real +number of daily Tor users. +These estimates are also of the same order of magnitude as the estimates +described in the previous section. + +The major shortcoming of the described approach is that there is no simple +way to combine reported unique IP addresses of two or more directory +mirrors. +Directory mirrors keep the observed client IP addresses in memory for at +most 24 hours, report the absolute number of distinct addresses, and +discard the IP addresses. +It may be possible to exchange data structures containing IP addresses +between directory mirrors in a privacy-preserving way and combine them to +learn about the union size of unique IP address sets. +Possible approaches might be based on private set intersection techniques +or probabilistic data structures like Bloom filters. +We leave these approaches as future work. + +\section{Introducing a counting cell} +\label{sec:countingcell} + +Another approach is to introduce a new cell type to the Tor protocol; the counting cell. +This approach doesn't estimate user numbers by counting directory +requests or unique IP addresses. +Under this approach, clients would send counting cells once per day to special relays, called +counting authorities. + +\subsection{Counting cell overview} +The most important statistic for Tor's user count is the number of daily +users. +Our other metrics are passive observations by certain routers, +whereas the counting cell would be an active approach. +Tor clients would send a notification of their presence once daily, so that +the presence notifications can be added together to get the user count. +Tor has a notion of different cell types to encapsulate different information +when sending it along a circuit. +A new type of cell can easily be created to transport presence information. +This presence information is then reported to the metrics engine and +aggregated to find the actual user count for one day. + +Two different approaches are examined here: +The first approach uses Tor's directory authorities as counting authorities. +Clients report their presence via an anonymized tunnel. +Picking guard nodes as counting authorities is the other possibility. +Clients would not need to create a special circuit and can instead just use +one of their regular circuits to send the counting cell to the first hop directly. + +Some general considerations are valid for both types: +Counting authorities have to be very stable and well-connected so that +clients can report their presence reliably. +The counting authorities also need to export the data they received in +some document that can be collected by the metrics engine to analyze and +present the statistics. +Tor already has an extra-info descriptor mechanism in place that can be +used. + +\subsection{Using directory authorities as counting authorities} +Directory authorities have the same requirements as outlined above: +They need to be very stable, because everyone relies on them to +generate and sign the consensus. +They also already export their votes which get collected by the metrics +engine. + +Two options are available for how clients report their presence to these +counting authorities; they can either send a counting cell to each of +them or pick one at random. +Both approaches have advantages and drawbacks, outlined below: + +Sending the cell to all authorities might raise a scalability +problem as a single counting authority might not be able to keep +up with the load if all clients make one connection per day to report +their presence. +In a network with 250,000 users, an average of almost 3 reports per +second is to be expected. +In reality, since Tor's user base isn't distributed among timezones +equally, much higher report rates per second are to be anticipated. +The load this induces on each directory authorities should be carefully +examined, because it will increase proportional to an increase in the +user base. + +The advantage of reporting presence to all counting authorities is that +if a single report fails, the others can still count the user. +If any of the counting authorities reports a much lower value than +the others for a specific day, it can be taken out of the statistics +aggregating process for that day or until the connectivity problems +are resolved. + +Sending a counting cell to just one counting authority increases the +scalability of the system, as new counting authorities +could easily be added once the others are becoming overloaded. +Another advantage is that the user doesn't have to create one circuit +per counting authority, but rather just one per day. +This means that a user who doesn't use Tor for very long on a certain +day can still be counted correctly, even if she wouldn't have had the +time to report her presence to all authorities. + + +Data loss or other malfunctions on one of the counting authorities +poses a major problem in this scheme. +Such data loss cannot be corrected, and statistics for the time period +will be inaccurate. + +\paragraph{Abuse potential and inaccuracies} + +In a system where cells are reported to all counting authorities, +there is no strong protection against a counting authority that +increases the count of users by reporting a higher number of users by +just sending counting cells to the other authorities. +It would, however, prevent an authority from under-reporting the number +of users, because the others will report a higher user count so that +the data from the dishonest authority can be discarded by the statistics +aggregator. + +When users report their presence to only one counting authority, this +counting authority can under-report the number of users, +because under-reporting cannot be distinguished from being unavailable +for a part of the day. +It is also possible to increase the count of users even without sending +counting cells to the other counting authorities. +Detection of such behavior is very difficult, as lower numbers can +always be explained to be due to network problems at the counting +authority; and only very unusually high numbers would indicate increasing +the number of users maliciously. + +It is trivial to arbitrarily increase the count of users by sending on +average more than one counting cell per 24 hour window. +Because counting cells are anonymized, there are no special resources +necessary to execute the attack, other than the ability to make circuits +to the counting authorities. +This attack needs to be continued for as long as the user count is to be +influenced. +When the attack is stopped, the result will be an apparent loss of Tor +users. + +When the scheme is newly deployed or when alternative +implementations of Tor clients that don't include counting cells are +introduced, the number of Tor users will be undercounted. +Both cases have to be taken into consideration when evaluating the +collected data. + +\paragraph{Possibility for additional statistics} +Because clients report their presence anonymously under the counting cell scheme, additional statistics +can be gathered using this approach. + +Example statistics are client version and the uptime since the last +cell was sent. +% +While adding additional statistics, care must be taken that the anonymity +set is still sufficiently large. +For the client version, we could report the accurate version while it is +still recommended or ``outdated'' as a catch-all for older versions. +% +For the uptime since the last cell was sent, reporting uptime in half-hour +time intervals could provide proficient accuracy. + +More work is necessary to evaluate the additional risks of adding more +statistics. +If these statistics are deemed important, they can +use the same infrastructure set up for user number estimation. +Directory authorities are expected to be upgraded quickly, so the +new statistics would become available as soon as enough clients +upgrade. + + +\subsection{Using entry guards as counting authorities} +To address the scalability concerns outlined above, an alternative approach +is to use the entry guards that a client connects to anyway. +Not reporting presence information via an anonymized channel to one +of the chosen guard nodes has the advantage of being more scalable +than either proposed system. +The entry guards can keep track of which IP addresses have already +reported presence information on a given day and refuse +to accept another counting cell. +Also, availability concerns are reduced because a given entry guard +will see fewer counting cells compared to a counting authority. + +Guards that support acting as counting authorities and choose to do so +should be marked as such in the consensus by a special flag +so that clients can see which relays are acting as counting authorities. + +\paragraph{Abuse potential and inaccuracies} +Using entry guards as counting authorities gives them the same +abuse abilities as directory authorities have in the system where +presence information is reported to one of them; but it could be easier +to filter out extreme values as the reported values are expected to +be generally lower. + +The directory authorities should make sure that enough guards exist +so that over and undercounting guards can be detected and excluded +by the metrics engine. + +\paragraph{Possibility for additional statistics} +Because guards know who is connecting to them, there is more concern +when adding additional statistics compared to the directory authority +approach. +By including additional information about their presence, Tor clients add +bits of information that can help identify them across IP address changes. +This must be prevented, so additional statistics can not be implemented +when using guard nodes without further analysis showing their safety. + +\subsection{Usefulness of counting cells} +Because of the presented attacks, counting cells are likely to be useful +in addition to other user number estimation schemes only. +They can, however, provide an easy way to evaluate trends and +might allow new statistics to be gathered. + +\section{Counting IP addresses at bridges} +\label{sec:bridges} + +As a special case of counting Tor users, we are interested in the number +of censored Tor users connecting via bridges. +Censored users cannot connect to the publicly known relays to download +directory information or establish circuits. +Censored users have to learn about one or more bridge relays which are +similar to normal relays except that they are not listed in the public +directory and are therefore harder to block. +Bridge clients fetch all their directory information and establish all +their circuits with a bridge as first entry point into the Tor network. +Bridges report the number of unique IP addresses they see every day. +Our current approach to count censored users is to simply sum up these +unique IP addresses per day and interpret the result as estimated user +number. + +\begin{figure} +\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{bridge-users.pdf} +\caption{Estimated number of users connecting via bridges} +\label{fig:bridge-users} +\end{figure} + +Figure~\ref{fig:bridge-users} shows the estimated number of users +connecting via bridges. +These numbers are not expected to be as stable as the number of directly +connecting users, because some countries have successfully blocked relays or +even bridges in the past, which has led to sudden increases or decreases in +bridge user numbers. + +There are some shortcomings with this approach to count bridge users. +First, the approach makes the assumption that bridge users only connect to +a single bridge every day which is not necessarily the case. +As a result we may over-count bridge clients connecting to two or more +bridges. + +The second shortcoming is that we're excluding between 15 and 50~\% of +bridges from the statistics for various reasons: +bridges with fewer than 24 hours uptime are excluded, because bridges only +report statistics every 24 hours to hide the exact connection times and +protect the bridge users' privacy; +bridges that have been running as a non-bridge relay are excluded, because +they might report non-bridge users; +bridges without a GeoIP database are excluded, because they don't report +any statistics about connecting clients; +bridges running a few early versions of the 0.2.2 series are excluded, +because they had a bug in reporting bridge user statistics; +finally, an unknown number of bridges is excluded, because bridge +operators decide not to publish their bridge to the bridge authority and +circulate the bridge address to bridge users themselves. + +In the future, we might count the number of directory requests to bridges +in the same way as we do on directory mirrors. +Bridge clients need to refresh their view of the network at regular +intervals, too. +So, it should be possible to count bridge users in the same way as we +estimate directly connecting users. + +\section{Conclusion} +\label{sec:conclusion} + +In this report we described our current approaches to estimate daily Tor +users based on counting directory requests and unique IP addresses, and we +sketched a design to introduce special counting cells for this purpose. +We conclude with a brief summary. + +In Section~\ref{sec:auths} we discussed our current approaches for +counting new and returning as well as recurring users based on counting +directory requests. +We found that it is hard to interpret the estimate of new and returning +users without knowing how many hours per day our users are connected and +after how many hours or days they return. +We suggest discontinuance of this statistic because the rather +technical distinction between new/returning and recurring users is not +obvious. + +We described our approach to estimate recurring users based on directory +requests reported by directory mirror \texttt{trusted} in +Section~\ref{sec:current}. +We are facing two major problems with this approach, namely approximating +the request share that \texttt{trusted} can expect to see and the decrease +of said share over the past 12 months. +We recommend discontinuance of this statistic as well and recommend replacing it with a +statistic based on directory requests reported by multiple directory +mirrors. + +In Section~\ref{sec:combine} we described such an approach to combine the +directory requests from multiple directory mirrors. +This approach is based on the estimated number of directory bytes written +by directory mirrors. +We hope to gather more data from directory mirrors to improve this +promising approach. +Once we have confirmed its correctness, we propose to replace the current +two approaches to estimate direct users with this approach. + +We presented results from counting unique IP addresses on fast directory +mirrors in Section~\ref{sec:entry}. +These results are interesting, because they allow us to determine an upper +bound of daily users. +However, we did not find a simple way to combine reported unique IP +addresses of two or more directory mirrors in a privacy-preserving way. +Once the directory guard design is implemented, this approach won't +deliver useful estimates anymore. +We leave this problem as future work. + +In Section~\ref{sec:countingcell} we sketched a new design to introduce +counting cells that clients would send once a day to counting authorities +or entry guards. +Such an approach would allow us to gather better statistics about clients. +However, more work is needed to reduce the potential for abuse. + +Finally, in Section~\ref{sec:bridges} we described our current approach to +count censored users. +This statistic is based on the sum of unique IP addresses observed on +bridges with at least 24 hours uptime. +We suggest extending the statistics on bridges to count directory +requests. +We could then try to estimate the number of censored users by weighting +the observations with the bridges' reported bandwidth. +Again, we leave this extension as future work. + +\end{document} + diff --git a/task-2647/dirbytes-mirrors.pdf b/task-2647/dirbytes-mirrors.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..981c74b --- /dev/null +++ b/task-2647/dirbytes-mirrors.pdf @@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@ +%PDF-1.4 +%âãÏÓ\r +1 0 obj +<< +/CreationDate (D:20101116150408) +/ModDate (D:20101116150408) +/Title (R Graphics Output) +/Producer 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